The balance and interaction between microorganisms is essential for maintaining a healthy vaginal environment. Lactobacilli play a key role in this balance by producing lactic acid, bacteriocins, and hydrogen peroxide, and their reduction can lead to overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria. One relatively new disorder in this field is aerobic vaginitis (AV), in which aerobic bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus replace the normal microbiota, leading to inflammation, abnormal discharge, and damage to the epithelium. This disease is often confused with bacterial vaginosis and can cause serious complications such as infertility and premature birth. Chronic and repeated use of antibacterial drugs has always been associated with consequences such as the emergence of antibiotic resistance and disruption of the normal symbiosis of the vaginal microflora. This disruption in microbial symbiosis not only reduces the effectiveness of treatment, but also paves the way for secondary infections. Therefore, the development and evaluation of therapeutic options that simultaneously affect the pathogen and inflammatory processes associated with (AV) are of great importance. Interventions that can both combat the microbial agent and control inflammation of the vaginal mucosa can increase the effectiveness and sustainability of treatment. While no standard and effective treatment has been defined for it so far. In the meantime, abscisic acid (ABA), which is known as a phytohormone in plants, has attracted attention in recent years due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in mammalian animal models. Abscisic acid acts through receptors such as PPAR-? and LANCL-2 and plays an effective role in inhibiting tissue damage associated with inflammation by increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and reducing inflammatory enzymes. For this reason, this compound could be considered a natural option for treating inflammatory diseases, including vaginal infections.

 Abstract

  Oxidative stress indicates an imbalance between the production and

  Abstract Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an increasingly recognised opportunistic pathogenthat is responsible for nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients, including pneumoniaand ventilator-associated sepsis. It also causes life-threatening diseases in immunosuppressedpatients with haematological malignancies and cancers, and chronic pulmonary infections inpatients with cystic fibrosis (CF). These organisms predominantly cause respiratory tractinfections, with less frequent occurrences of urinary tract infections, wound infections, soft tissueinfections, bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis, eye infections, and peritonitis.In thisstudy, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains were isolated from clinical specimens and identifiedby biochemical and fermentation tests. The isolates were then confirmed by polymerase chainreaction using specific primers.Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the isolates were performed according to the Clinical andLaboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) to the antibiotics ceftazidime, levofloxacin, aztreonam andco-trimoxazole using the disk diffusion method. Subsequently, the presence of the antibioticresistance gene SMqnr and the genes associated with biofilm production rpfF and rmlA wasdetermined using the PCR method. Finally, the biofilm production ability of the antibioticresistant strains carrying the quinolone resistance genes SMqnr and the genes associated withbiofilm production rpfF and rmlA was measured using the microtiter plate method.The highestand lowest susceptibility were to and related to the antibiotics co-trimoxazole and aztreonam,respectively. Furthermore, 51.25% (41) of the isolates demonstrated resistance to the antibioticceftazidime, while the resistance rate to levofloxacin was 75.8% (7 cases).The prevalence of the quinolone antibiotic resistance gene (Smqnr) was 92.5% (74 isolates),and the genes involved in biofilm production (rmIA and rpfF) were found in 98.75% (79 isolates)and 57.5% (46 strains), respectively.With the exception of the presence of the rpfF gene and its association with resistance toceftazidime (p-value < 0.0001) and levofloxacin (p-value < 0.019), no other significantrelationships were observed.All strains in which biofilm production was examined were strong biofilm producers, theminimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic levofloxacin in different strainsranged from 2.5 to 20 ?g/ml, and this amount was lower than that of the antibiotic cefazidime(minimum 20 and maximum 640 ?g/ml).Keywords: antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Smqnr

      طب سنتي يكي از علوم تجربي است كه با ظهور و پيدايش علوم مدرن همچنان اهميت و جايگاه خود را مانند گذشته حفظ كرده است. طب سنتي كه در گذشته حاصل كسب تجارب در زمينه­ي استفاده از روش­هاي درماني مختلف بوده است امروزه به صورت آكادميك و سازمان يافته شده تدريس و مورد بهره برداري قرار مي­گيرد. طب سنتي بنابر تعريف ارائه شده توسط سازمان بهداشت جهاني عبارت است از مجموعه­اي از مهارت­ها، دانش و روش­هاي مبتني بر تجربه كه به منظور پيشگيري، كاهش و درمان انواع بيماري­ها مورد استفاده قرار مي­گيرد. كتاب الصيدنه في الطب (داروشناسي در پزشكي) آخرين اثر ابوريحان بيروني است كه به صورت تنها نسخه­ي اصلاح نشده به زبان عربي به ما رسيده ‌است. اين اثر گرانبها منبعي در داروشناسي سده‌هاي ميانه­ي خاورزمين است كه در آن بيش از هزار دارو با منشا گياهي، حيواني و معدني با اشاره به نام‌هاي آن‌ها به بسياري از زبان‌ها و گويش‌ها توصيف شده‌ است. در صيدنه اثري از مدح و اهدا نامه معمول ديده نمي‌شود و از هدف‌هاي نوشتن آن نيز مستقيما سخني نرفته ‌است. بيروني با درك اهميت زياد اين مسئله، حدود ???? نام گياه، حيوان، ماده­ي معدني و فراورده‌هاي آن‌ها را به زبان‌هاي عربي، يوناني، سرياني، هندي، فارسي، خوارزمي، سغدي، تركي و جز اين‌ها گرد آورده و توضيح داده ‌است و بدين ترتيب گام جديدي در راه تنظيم و ترتيب اصطلاحات دارويي زمان خود برداشته ‌است. با توجه به اين كه تا كنون يك بررسي جامع در خصوص اين كتاب انجام نشده است اين پژوهش انجام شد و اميدواريم كه در آينده بتوانيم اطلاعات موجود در اين كتاب ارزشمند را استخراج و در صورت امكان به صورت يك پايگاه داده­ي مناسب درآوريم.    واژگان كليدي: طب سنتي، الصيدنه في الطب، پايگاه داده.       طب سنتي يكي از علوم تجربي است كه با ظهور و پيدايش علوم مدرن همچنان اهميت و جايگاه خود را مانند گذشته حفظ كرده است. طب سنتي كه در گذشته حاصل كسب تجارب در زمينه­ي استفاده از روش­هاي درماني مختلف بوده است امروزه به صورت آكادميك و سازمان يافته شده تدريس و مورد بهره برداري قرار مي­گيرد. طب سنتي بنابر تعريف ارائه شده توسط سازمان بهداشت جهاني عبارت است از مجموعه­اي از مهارت­ها، دانش و روش­هاي مبتني بر تجربه كه به منظور پيشگيري، كاهش و درمان انواع بيماري­ها مورد استفاده قرار مي­گيرد. كتاب الصيدنه في الطب (داروشناسي در پزشكي) آخرين اثر ابوريحان بيروني است كه به صورت تنها نسخه­ي اصلاح نشده به زبان عربي به ما رسيده ‌است. اين اثر گرانبها منبعي در داروشناسي سده‌هاي ميانه­ي خاورزمين است كه در آن بيش از هزار دارو با منشا گياهي، حيواني و معدني با اشاره به نام‌هاي آن‌ها به بسياري از زبان‌ها و گويش‌ها توصيف شده‌ است. در صيدنه اثري از مدح و اهدا نامه معمول ديده نمي‌شود و از هدف‌هاي نوشتن آن نيز مستقيما سخني نرفته ‌است. بيروني با درك اهميت زياد اين مسئله، حدود ???? نام گياه، حيوان، ماده­ي معدني و فراورده‌هاي آن‌ها را به زبان‌هاي عربي، يوناني، سرياني، هندي، فارسي، خوارزمي، سغدي، تركي و جز اين‌ها گرد آورده و توضيح داده ‌است و بدين ترتيب گام جديدي در راه تنظيم و ترتيب اصطلاحات دارويي زمان خود برداشته ‌است. با توجه به اين كه تا كنون يك بررسي جامع در خصوص اين كتاب انجام نشده است اين پژوهش انجام شد و اميدواريم كه در آينده بتوانيم اطلاعات موجود در اين كتاب ارزشمند را استخراج و در صورت امكان به صورت يك پايگاه داده­ي مناسب درآوريم.    واژگان كليدي: طب سنتي، الصيدنه في الطب، پايگاه داده.   

The incubation environment plays an important role in the development of the chick embryo and during this process, the management of temperature, humidity, light, egg rotation and air composition is very important to achieve successful artificial incubation. Light is an external stimulus in the environment and plays an important role in regulating biological processes. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of light on chick embryos during embryonic and hatching periods. In the systematic review study, articles from 1974 to 2022 whose full text was available were used. All published studies in the PubMed database were searched using relevant keywords including photostimulation and chicken. In the initial search, 800 articles were found, after removing unrelated studies, 48 articles were finally included in the study. According to the obtained data, 75% of the studies were conducted on the meat breed and 23% on the egg-laying breed. In 2% of the articles, the studied race was not reported. 26% of the articles used full 24-hour lighting and 24% used a photoperiod consisting of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. 33% of the photoperiod articles did not report the treatment of fertilized eggs. Based on the extracted data, 63% of studies used LED light sources, 20% of fluorescent lamps, 11% of incandescent lamps, 2% of optical fibers and 2% of lasers. In 2% of the researches, the type of lighting source was not reported. In 45% of the luxury articles used, it was between 100 and 1000. 16% used 100 lux and 8% used more than 1000 lux for treatment. 31% of articles did not report their choice. After checking the color of the light source used, it was found that 29% of the articles used green color, 25% white light, 17% red color and 12% blue color for their experiments. 17% of articles did not report color in their research. 17 articles also investigated the effect of light on development and 13 articles on its effect on chick embryo growth. Analysis of the results showed that light controls many physiological and behavioral processes such as growth, development, behavior, somatotropic axis, reproduction and migration in birds. Exposure of developing embryos to light can play an important role in hatching performance and embryo growth rate, reduce the stress response to the post-hatching environment, and ultimately affect the bird's performance, behavior and well-being. In general, light intensity, spectral composition and photoperiod are the three main parameters of light that can be used as a tool to manage poultry production.   

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important properties such as, self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, migration, proliferation, differentiation and immune regulation. The use of natural compounds in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, is very important. Among these compounds, we can mention flavonoids, which are abundantly found in fruits and vegetables. Considering the characteristics and capabilities of MSC cells in cell therapy, as well as the importance of using herbal compounds and new methods in the treatment of diseases, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of quercetin and cobalt (II) chloride on cell lines. To carry out this study, human mesenchymal stem cell lines were prepared and cultured in appropriate laboratory conditions. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of quercetin and cobalt chloride (II) on the survival of mesenchymal stem cells, MTT test is used in different time intervals. After that cells were treated with appropriate concentration of these compounds and the effect of this treatment on cell cycle and cell migration was evaluated. Also, the simultaneous effect of quercetin and cobalt chloride (II) on the expression of genes (Sox2, H19, Cas-3, c-Met, GAPDH, TLR3 and HIF-a) is investigated. The results showed that quercetin in high concentrations leads to an increase the number of cells by inducing the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Also, the results of the NBT test indicated that quercetin causes free oxygen radicals in MSC cells in a time-dependent manner. This substance in concentrations induces cell migration. Also, the results of Real-time PCR analysis showed that the concentration of 80 µM of this substance causes the expression of TLR3 gene. During the treatment with cobalt chloride, the results showed that the concentration of 800 ?M significantly decreased the survival and proliferation of cells. For this purpose, in order to investigate the effects of this substance on the cell cycle, migration and gene expression, lower concentrations were used, and the flow cytometry results indicate the inhibitory effect of this substance on the cell cycle and stop cell proliferation. Also, the results of Real-time PCR analysis showed that at a concentration of 150 µM, this substance induces the expression of TLR3 and HIF-a genes. Quercetin without changing the basic characteristics of cells is known as a useful substance to enhance the proliferation and maintain the integrity of stem cells.   

لاكپشت هاي دريايي گونه­هايي از خزندگان هستند كه در مناطق استوايي و گرم زندگي مي‌كنند. يكي از 16 راستهخزندگان كه در ??? ميليون سال گذشته تكامل‏ پيداكرده‌اند راسته Testudines است ‏كه‏ تاكنون ‏تنها چهار راسته از آن‌ها باقي‌مانده‌اند.يكي از اين چهار راسته، Testudinata مي‌باشدكه لاكپشت هاي Terrapins و Tortoises جزءاين‏ راسته ‏هستند، اين‏ راسته ‏كه ‏گاه ‏بانام‏ علمي Chelonian شناخته مي‌شود داراي دو زير راسته به ‏نام Pleurodira و Cryptodira است. زير راسته‏اول‏ بزرگ‌ترين ‏زير راسته ‏است‏ كه ‏داراي ?? خانواده ‏مي‌باشد‏و‏ لاك‌پشت‏هاي‏ دريايي در يكي از اين دو تاخانواده‏ها قرار مي‏گيرند. بيش‏ از ??? گونه‏ ازلاكپشت هاي دريايي‏ تا‏كنون‏ زيسته‏اند ‏ولي ‏تنها هفت گونه از ‏آن‌ها‏باقي‏مانده‏اند كه پنج گونه آن در ايران وجود دارد كه عبارت‌اند از: 1- لاك‌پشتسبز (Green turtle)، لاك‌پشتمنقار عقابي (Hawks bill)، لاك‌پشت زيتوني (olive turtle)، لاك‌پشت سر قرمز (Loggerhead turtle) و لاك‌پشت‏ پشت چرمي (leatherbacktrutle)‏، لاك‌پشت منقار عقابي Eretmochelys imbricata) ) در ميانساير لاكپشت هاي دريايي تنها گونه‌اي است كه براي اولين بار در سال 1970 جزءگونه‌هاي در معرض خطر و در سال 1996 جزء گونه‌هاي در معرض خطر انقراض، در ليستقرمز سازمان IUCN قرار گرفت ،پراكنش اين‌گونه در منطقه خليج‌فارسدر سواحل شمالي و جنوبي آن و سواحل جنوبي سيستان و بلوچستان در درياي مكران هست كهبيش‌ترين تعداد در قسمت‌هاي شمالي خليج در منطقه سواحل ايراني هست اين‌گونه درايران در جزاير هرمز، شيدور، قشم، ام ال كرم، نخيلو، بني فارور، لاوان، كيش،تهمادون، لارك و هنگام ديده‌شده است ،در ايران جمعيت‌هاي لاك‌پشت دريايي درنتيجه تأثيراتمستقيم و غيرمستقيم بشري ازجمله شكار بي‏رويه ‏يا‏ غيرقانوني به‌شدت در حال كاهشاست. حداقل ?? كشور جهان ميزبان آشيانه‏هاي اين‌گونه هستند بااين‌وجودبسياري از اين جايگاه‏هاي ‏آشيانه سازي داراي تراكم كمي هستند فراوان‌ترين گونه‏هاي لاكپشت هاي دريايي در خليج‌فارس، لاك‌پشتسبز و منقار عقابي است ،لاك‌پشت منقار عقابي در برخي از جزاير ايران تخم‌گذاري مي‌كنند،نوع ماده آن‌ها در اواخر بهار به سمت ساحل آمده و تخم‌گذاري مي‌كند به‏طوركليدرهرلانه به‌طور متوسط 140 تخم مي‌گذارند و كل دوره تخم‌گذاري حدوداً دو هفته زمانمي‌برد و تقريباً دو ماه طول مي‌كشد كه تخم‌ها در شن ساحل به بچه لاك‌پشت تبديلشوند جنسيت بچه لاك‌پشت‌ها و سرعت رشد آن به دماي محيط بستگي دارد، دماي زيادتمايل جنين را به جنسيت ماده افزايش مي­دهد،لازم به ذكر است كه تعداد لاكپشت هاييكه براي تخم‌گذاري مي‌آيند با تعداد لاكپشت هايكه تخم‌گذاري مي‌كنند متفاوت است تمام لاك‌پشت‌ها تخم‌گذاري نمي‌كنند و تعدادي بهدلايل مختلف ازجمله مناسب نبودن ساحل (دماي رسوبات بستر، پوشش گياهي و برخي دست‌كاري‌هايانساني)، وجود آلودگي و دلايل ديگر از تخم‌گذاري منصرف مي‏شوند لاكپشت هايخليج‏فارس تعداد تخم كمتري نسبت به نقاط ديگر جهان دارند، تخم‌گذاري هر دو تا سهسال يك‌بار صورت مي‏گيرد به‌جز لاكپشت هاي چرمي كه در آب‌هاي عميق باقي مي‌مانندبقيه گونه‏‏هاي جوان به آب‌هاي كم‌عمق سواحل مي‌روند، گونه منقار عقابي عموماً درجاهاييكه تشكيل صخره مرجاني شده و در آب‌هاي كم‏عمق شفاف، تالاب‏ها و خليج‏ها زندگي مي‌كنندلاكپشت هاي دريايي در ايران بيشتر در جزاير استان‌هاي بوشهر، هرمزگان، لاوان، قشم،شيدور، هنگام، هندورابي و نخيلو تخم‌گذاري مي‌كنند ميكروارگانيسم‏هاي زيادي از تخم‌هايخارج نشده لاك‌پشت شناسايي و جداسازي شده است از گونه قارچ‏هاي جداشده از آشيانه تخم‌هامي‏توان به Aspergillus، Fusarium species، Chrysosporium، Penicillium، Emericella، Rhizopus، Actinomcour اشاره كرد كهاز بين آن‌ها گونه‏هاي Fusarium solani با درصدفراواني 55/54 و Fusarium oxspurum با درصد 91/40در كشورهاي تركيه، كاستاريكا، استراليا، برزيل و ايتاليا ديده شد همچنين دو نوعديگر Fusarium falciforme و Fusarium keratoplasticum با درصد 73/2 در تخم‌هاي مربوط به لاك‌پشت سر قرمز شناسايي‌شدهاست ، Fusarium يك منبع بزرگ عفونت‏هاي تخم‌هاي آشيانه لاكپشت هاي دريايياست از نمونه باكتري‏هاي ‏جداشده مي‏توان به گونه Vibrio، Escherichia coli، Salmonella، Klebsiella oxytoca، Klebsiella pneumoniae، كريپتوباكتر، Serratia، Pseudomonas، Aeromonas وStaphylococcus aureus

   ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of chemical and medicinal herbs is one of the methods used today in the control of pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of root juice, hydroalcoholic extract and red radish seed oil by formalin test in male mice. methods: This study was performed on 42 mice weighing 25 to 30 g NMRI, which were randomly divided into 7 groups of 6, including control group, morphine group 10 mg / kg, radish seed oil group by rubbing, group Radish root water 30 ml / kg, and groups receiving hydroalcoholic extract of radish seeds were divided into doses (400, 200, 100 mg / kg). In this study, the effect of intraperitoneal injection of radish root juice and hydroalcoholic extract of radish seeds in the desired doses and also the effect of radish seed oil by rubbing, reducing pain using formalin test (20 ?l formalin 2.5%) for 1 hour One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to evaluate the results and all values ??with P less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In this study, it was found that all experimental groups were significantly different in both acute and chronic phases compared to the control group (p <0.001). But compared to the morphine group, they showed less analgesic effects and Only the groups receiving radish root juice and the dose of 400 radish seed extracts in the acute phase were not significantly different from the morphine group. Also, the lowest and highest analgesic effects among the experimental groups were rubbing oil group and dose of 400 hydroalcoholic extracts of radish seeds, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study, which was performed by formalin test, showed that root juice, hydroalcoholic extract and red radish seed oil in both acute and chronic phases probably have analgesic effects through central and peripheral mechanisms. Keyword : Radish seed extract, radish seed oil, formalin test, rat, pain

   House flies have cost the world dearly by transmitting more than 100 different pathogens to humans. In addition, they have been important economic pest in livestock and poultry production, which has affected the world agricultural economy by contamination livestock products and trasmitting variuos pathogens to them.As a result it forces affected communities to use pesticided extensively. Chemical control (by insecticides) is the most important method of controlling pests and vectors due to its immediate and rapid effect on the pest population and the property of controlling disease-carrying insects. Pest resistance to insecticides and residual toxins in nature poses undesirable risks. The essential oils and extracts of a number of plants have been identified and used to kill and repel insects, which due to their toxicity, systemicity, easy biodegradability and the nature of the effect on host metabolism, have the potential to manage insect and pests. In this study, the repellent and lethal effects of walnut, chamomile, yarrow and oak leaf essential oils on houseflies in natural and laboratory environments were investigated and it was found that walnut leaf essential oil used in the highest dose and time period has the highest lethality (96.6%)and to a lesser extent yarrow essential oil (80%), chamomile essential oil (56.6%) and finally the least effect belonged to oak leaf essential oil (36.6%). In the study of repellent performance of the mentioned plants on houseflies, in the highest dose of essential oil and the first time period used, the highest repellent effect (46.6%) belonged to yarrow essential oil and chamomile essential oils (30%), walnut leaves (16.6) And oak leaves (6.6%) were in the next ranks. In this study,different lethal and repellent results were obtained from different doses of each of the plant essential oils, which finally, due to their biocompatibility and minimal effects of human and animal poisoning, these essential oils can be used to kill and repel houseflies. Of course, they kill for a longer period of time than conventional chemical insecticides. I would like to note that with more accurate and continuous research, it is possible to find essential oils and plant extracts with higher lethal and repellent effects and to provide more conditions for their use in a suitable period of time. Keywords: Herbal Essential Oil, Houseflies, Insecticides, Kurdish Ethnic Medicine, Mortality, Repellency

Abstract Electrogastrography is a non-invasive method for recording signals of gastric control myoelectric activity. Electrogastrography has no side effects and is a painless study, so it can be used as a suitable diagnostic method especially for children. Of course, it is worth noting that for accurate diagnosis, additional information from other diagnostic methods will be useful. In this project, while receiving signals from 100 female students aged 18-16, we try to examine these signals with the help of FFT and detect the presence of tachygastria, bradygastria, dyspepsia and gastric ulcer in them. In this regard, the signals were obtained from the students in two modes, preprandial and postprandial. They were then transferred to the computer to be viewed in the graphic environment of Lab View software. After visual analysis, signals were processed and analyzed using MATLAB software. Six statistical features and two signal features were extracted for electrogastrograms. After smoothing, the signals were analyzed by Fourier transform. Finally, for >Among the subjects, 16 had tachygastria (4-9 cpm) in their preprandial electrogastrogram and 2 recorded signals at 15 cycles per minute. 21 subjects showed tachygastria in their postprandial electrogastrogram and two subjects had signals at 13 cycles per minute. 8 subjects had bradygastria (0.5-2 cpm) in their preprandial signals.This number increased in the study of postprandial signals and 16 subjects recorded signals less than 2 cycles per minute. Other subjects had signals in the normal range (2-4 cpm). Among the graphs obtained from the Naive Bayesian >   Key words: Electrogastrography, Fourier analysis, Kermanshah      

Abstract    The glycemic index describes the change in blood glucose levels after eating foods compared to a standard meal.There is a growing interest in low glycemic index products due to the prevalence of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, adding oak and oat products, which are rich in terms of secondary compounds, is recommended in to the food basket. Since bread is one of the main food sources in Iran and Due to the role of oak flour and oat on improving the glycemic index of bread and its effect on quality, The purpose of this study was to investigate the glycemic index and physicochemical properties of oak and oat bread. In this way, to determine the GI, 13 healthy and 7 diabetics person -individual consumed on separate occasions in separate case six bread types (bread containing 70% wheat flour and 30% oak flour, bread containing 80% wheat flour and 20% oak flour, bread containing 90% wheat flour and 10% oak flour, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 15% oak flour and 5% oat flour, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 10% oak flour and 10% oat flour and, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 5% oak flour and 15% oat flour ) and reference food (white bread) containing 50 g of carbohydrates.   The blood samples were collected Finger-prick fingertip at fasting (0 min) and at 60 and 120 min after meal consumption. In this study, types of breads were evaluated on the basis of physico-chemical properties.    There were significant differences in the Glycemic Index between the White bread by and bread types( bread containing 70% wheat flour and 30% oak flour: 89.51±5.264, bread containing 80% wheat flour and 20% oak flour:89.40±2.585, bread containing 90% wheat flour and 10% oak flour: 93.53±5.006, bread containing 80% wheat flour,15% oak flour and 5% oat flour: 88.51±3.024, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 10% oak flour and 10% oat flour:88.83±4.858 and bread containing 80% wheat flour, 5% oak flour and 15% oat flour:91.27±3.966) in healthy individuals subjects but there was no significant difference in diabetic patients.    The Glycemic index of the types bread tested on diabetics are listed below is as follows: (bread containing 70% wheat flour and 30% oak flour:98.6±3.091, bread containing 80% wheat flour and 20% oak flour: 99.39±2.978, bread containing 90% wheat flour and 10% oak flour:100.2±2.690, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 15% oak flour and 5% oat flour:97.16±4.526, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 10% oak flour and 10% oat flour: 98.44±2.542 and bread containing 80% wheat flour, 5% oak flour and 15% oat flour 99.14±3.764). The use of Using large amounts of oak and oat flour may impair the quality of the product. such as insufficient rise in of volume, relatively firmer texture, poor aroma and flavor and rapid staling.    Key words: Glycemic Index, Oak bread, Oak flour, Oat, diabet.   

The importance of medicinal plants and recognizing their vital role in advancing national, regional and global goals for achievinghealth, medicinal self-sufficiency, job creation and economic development is not hidden from anyone. Many people believe thatmost herbal supplements have no side effects because of their naturalness or their side effects are very mild. Although plantproducts are expected to have fewer chemical side effects than chemical compounds, it is a mistake to believe that plant productshave no side effects. Due to the fact that oak is one of the plants that in addition to nutritional properties, has therapeuticproperties, in the present study, the effects of oak and its husk aqueous extract on the liver function and lipid profile pattern inmale balb/c mice were investigated.In this regard, 19 male balb/c mice weighing approximately 12 - 00 g were prepared and kept in the animal room at 112C–122Cunder a 91-h light/dark cycle with food and water provided ad libitum. These animals were divided into 90 groups (n=2) asfollows: The first group: control group, had no treatment, the second group: was treated with a diet containing 931 oak; The thirdgroup: was treated with a diet containing 131 oak; The fourth group: was treated with a diet containing 031 oak; The fifthgroup:was treated with a diet containing 03 mg/l oak husks aqueous extract; The sixth group: was treated with a diet containing03 mg/l oak husks aqueous extract; The seventh group: positive control, was treated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-9001; The eighth group: was treated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with a diet containing 931 oak; The ninthgroup:was treated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with a diet containing 131 oak; The tenth group:was treatedwith intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with a diet containing 031 oak; The eleventh group: was treated withintraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with diet containing 03 mg/l oak husks aqueous extract; , The twelfth group: wastreated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with diet containing 03 mg/l oak husks aqueous extract; The thirteenthgroup: was treated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton and 02 mg/kg fenofibrate.The treatment period with oak or oak husks aqueous extract or fenofibrate was 22 days. At the end of the treatments, the bloodsamples were prepared from the animals with cardiac puncture and serum was examined for biochemical analysis of liverenzymes and lipid profile.Then, the data obtained from the measurement of various parameters were analyzed by using GraphPad prism software and oneway analysis of variance and Tukey’s test.The results of this study showed that the amount of liver enzymes in the groups treated with oak and its husk aqueous extract hada significant increase compared to the control group. While in the groups under intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated withoak and husk aqueous extract, the amount of liver enzymes was significantly reduced compared to the positive control group. Alsoaccording to the dose and concentration used in the groups, lipid profiles showed a significant decrease compared to the positivecontrol group in groups under injection with Triton and treated with oak and husk aqueous extract. The results of this study showthat the aqueous extract of oak husks can play a protective role in hyperlipidemic individuals according to the dose used andreduce liver enzymes and blood lipid profile, especially in the presence of hyperlipidemic agents, while in Normal people has littleeffect and can even have the adverse effects.Keywords:Oak, Oak husks aqueous extract, Fenofibrate, Balb / c mice, Triton WR-9001, Hyperlipidemia, Liver enzymes

   Abstract Apple syrup or cider varies by type of apple juice and its degree of sweetness and alcohol content by 1.2-1.7% and can be considered as a fermented apple drink. Cider is an excellent fermented, tasty and healthy fermented product that can be a good substitute for harmful carbonated beverages that have been enjoyed in the Iranian table. The important thing about this probiotic drink is that it has all the unique properties of apples, plus the factors that are added during fermentation (such as oligofructants, malic acid, etc.) that make this product completely healthy and unique. Despite Iran being one of the largest apple growers in Asia and annually destroying large quantities of apples grown in orchards, especially in the city of Urmia, Cider has no production or consumption in Iran. The cider production process generally consists of three stages: crushing the apple and extracting the water and ultimately the most important stage being fermentation. Fermentation involves classical alcoholic fermentation of sugars into ethanol by yeast strains and malolactic fermentation by lactic acid bacteria in the ripening phase. In this study, apples were harvested from standard farms and gardens around Boroujerd early in the autumn and then washed and transferred to the laboratory, shredded carefully, free of tails and nuclei, and the chopped pieces are poured into the fermentation vat and the fermentation process is managed according to the study design. It is worth noting that during this process, some alcohol is also produced, which is noticeable. In this study, six apple samples in orchards around Boroujerd were studied and their constituents were identified and measured. Mean percentages of fiber, fat, ash, protein and moisture content in apple samples were as follows: ? 0.1, 0.17, 0.30, 0.21, and 94.79 (g /100), respectively. Another objective of this project is to investigate the presence or absence of probiotic bacteria, especially lactobacilli in this fermented beverage, which results after testing and cell culture on MRS-agar medium. There was no probiotic bacteria, especially lactobacilli, in this drink. Another goal we have in this project is the problem of the solvency of this drink, namely the amount of alcohol produced during the fermentation process should not be more than 2.5 to 3% to make sure we provide a healthy and solvent drink. And it can be used by everyone in the community. Accordingly, the percentage of alcohol in samples A2 (13.5), A3 (zero), A4 (zero), A7 (1.6), A8 (zero) and A10 (1.8) obtained. Another parameter to consider in this project is the organoleptic evaluation of this fermented beverage. According to a survey of 14 people, the taste of the beverage was acceptable and tasty.

  Amphibians are an indicator of environmental health their population is decreasing around the world at a significant rate. The climate change, chemical pollutants, increased ultraviolet radiation, habitat changes, exotic species, and pathogens are some of the causes of amphibian decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effects of density, water level and predator cues factors on the growth rate, metamorphosis, survival and cannibalism in marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus. In this study, an experiment was carried out with 2 × 3 × 2 factors consisted of two levels of density (low density (n: 5) and high density (n: 25)), three levels of water level (low water level (400 cc), high water level (1400 cc) and decreasing water level (100 cc each week)) and two levels of predator (presence (as indirect) or absence of predator (Gambusia holbrooki). The results of our experiment showed the highest growth rate was observed in low-density treatment/ predator presence/high water level with 0.144 mm/day, maximum snout-vent length during metamorphosis (SVL) in low-density treatment/predator presence/low water level (17/006 mm ± 1/07), and the highest mean of head width (HW) was recorded in the low-density/predator presence/ decreasing water level (7/853 mm ± 1/755) during 201 days. Also, the highest mean age of metamorphosis in high-density of treatment/absence of predator/low water level (134/415 days ± 26/99), highest percentage of metamorphosis in low-density of treatment/ predator presence/decreasing water level (86/66% ± 23/094), highest survival rate in low-density of treatment/predator/high water level (86/666% ± 11/547), and highest overall cannibalism (head + tail + full) was recorded in the high-density of treatment/absence of predator/low water level (3/522% ± 5/994). The ANOVA results showed that density factor independently had a significant effect on SVL, HW, age and percentage of metamorphosis but had no effect on survival rate over time. The water level had no significant effect on total cannibalism percentage, metamorphosis time, metamorphosis percentage and survival percentage but had a significant effect on head width. Also, the interactive effect of three factors had no significant on SVL, head width, metamorphosis time, percentage of metamorphosis, total cannibalism percentage and survival rate.

  چكيدهبيماري هاي عصبي از جمله تومورمغزي از علل شايع مرگ و مير هستند. داروهاي توليد شده در اين زمينه رو به افزايشاست ، اما به دليل ساختار ويژه سد خوني- مغزي، انتقال دارو به مغز با مشكل مواجهاست و يكي از مهم ترين چالش هاي پيش روي درمان بيماري هاي سيستم عصبي مركزي است.علي رغم تحقيقات مختلفي كه در زمينه انتقال دارو به مغز صورت گرفته ولي هنوز روشيكه به طور مطلوب و بدون عوارض جانبي و با هزينه كمتر بر اين مشكل غلبه كند ،شناخته نشده است ، در اين ميان شناسايي تركيبي كه بتواند بدون تخريب سدخوني مغزيو   با مهار موقت و برگشت پذير ABCtra  oter   هاي سدخوني مغزي موجبافزايش تجمع درون سلولي دارو در بافت هاي مغزي شود و يا تركيبي كه بتواند با سست كردنجزئي   پروتئين هاي دخيل در اتصالات محكم به صورت موقت به انتشارپاراسلولي دارو به مغز كمك كند مي تواند باعث تسهيل انتقال دارو به مغز شود. دراين راستا مطالعات درون رايانه اي با توجه به اينكه مي تواند مسير رسيدن به هدف راهموار سازد و از بين تركيبات مختلف بهترين تركيب را جهت مطالعات تجربي معرفي كردهو ميزان آزمون و خطاهاي آزمايشات تجربي را به حداقل برساند ، بسيار سودمند است. در اين مطالعه اتصالفيتوكانابينوئيدها و شبكه پروتئيني سدخوني- مغزي كه انتقال دارو به مغز را بامحدوديت مواجه مي كنند با استفاده از روش داكينگ مولكولي مورد بررسي قرار خواهدگرفت.

آتروزاسكلروزكه ناشي از رسوب ليپيدها در آندوتليوم سرخرگ‌هاي بزرگ و متوسط مي‌باشد، عامل بسياري از مرگ وميرها به شمار مي‌آيد.

مقدمه: مطالعه بر روي گياهان ضددرد از جمله گياهاني كه در طب سنتي به­عنوان گياهان ضددرد شناخته شده­اند مثل ميخك، سقز و سياهدانه در فيزيولوژي رفتار و درمان درد اهميت دارد.   درد دهاني- صورتي يكي از مشكلاتي است كه با صورت و دهان ارتباط دارد.   تبعات ناشي از درد دهاني- صورتي بر جنبه­هاي مختلف زندگي روزانه تأثيرگذار است. هدف: هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسي اثر روغن­هاي ميخك، سقز و سياهدانه بر درد اعصاب صورت در موش سوري نر بود. روش كار: در اين مطالعه تعداد 63 سر موش سوري آزمايشگاهي مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و حيوانات به 10 گروه كنترل، دريافت­كننده مورفين، وازلين، روغن ميخك+ وازلين، روغن سقز + وازلين، روغن سياهدانه + وازلين، روغن ميخك +روغن سياهدانه + وازلين، روغن ميخك +روغن سقز + وازلين، روغن سياهدانه + روغن سقز + وازلين و روغن ميخك +روغن سقز + روغن سياهدانه + وازلين تقسيم شدند.   در گروه مورفين، مورفين با دوز 10 ميلي­گرم بر كيلوگرم وزن به صورت   داخل صفاقي تزريق شد و براي تست درد، فرمالين 5/2 درصد به به حجم 10 ميكروليتر به ناحيه سمت راست لب بالاي موش تزريق شد. نتايج: داده­هاي اين پژوهش نشان داد كه روغن ميخك، روغن سقز، روغن سياهدانه (001/0    ) باعث كاهش معناداري در درد حاد مي شوند.   البته در درد مزمن اثر روغن سقز و سياهدانه(001/0    )چشم­گيرتر از روغن ميخك (05/0   (Pبود.   استفاده هم­زمان روغن ميخك و سقز اثرات متفاوتي را نشان داد به طوري كه در كاهش درد حاد اثر روغن ميخك و در كاهش درد مزمن اثر روغن سقز بارزتر بود.   استفاده هم­زمان روغن ميخك و سياهدانه تأثير معناداري در كاهش درد حاد و مزمن نشان ندادند.   و استفاده هم زمان روغن سقز و سياهدانه تأثير آن­ها در كاهش درد حاد كم­تر شد اما در كاهش درد مزمن اثر روغن سقز بارزتر بود.   و استفاده هم­زمان سه روغن با هم در درد حاد تأثير روغن ميخك و سياهدانه مشهود بود و در درد مزمن تأثير روغن سقز بيشتر نمود پيدا كرد. نتيجه گيري: نتايج اين پژوهش اثر ضد دردي و ضد التهابي فوق­العاده­ي روغن سقز در مقايسه با ساير روغن ها را در كاهش درد حاد و مزمن تأييد كرد كه اين اثر ضددردي را مي­توان به دليل بالا بودن ميزان توكوفرول در اين روغن دانست.   اين پژوهش هم­چنين تأثير فوق­العاده­ي روغن سياهدانه در كاهش درد مزمن را نيز تأييد كرد.   كلمات كليدي:   روغن ميخك، روغن سقز، روغن سياهدانه، درد اعصاب صورت، موش

  The time inwhich a young mammal develops appropriate sensory and locomotors skillsnecessary to become independent from its mother is defined as the postnatalgrowth period. Postnatal changes are very important in peculiarities ofphysiology, physiology and behavior for bats, and during this period they gainabilities such as flight, nutrition and ecolocation. The bats are distinctamong mammals because of their flight. This study documents the postnatal growth of body mass, forearm and the epiphyseal phalangeal gap in a free rangingpopulation of the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum  in a maternity roostin Kerned   cave in western Iran. The pups at   irth had a meanbirth body mass of 5/69   ±   0/3 grm and forearm length of 25/64   ± 1/23mm. The length of forearm and body massincreased linearly during first 3 weeks, and thereafter maintained an apparentstability. The epiphyseal gap of the fourth metacarpal phalangeal jointincreased until 12 days, then decreased linearly until 80 days and thereafterfused. The rate of body mass gain and forearm growth during the first 21 dayswas 0.35 g/d and 1.38 mm/d respectively. Initiation of flight occurred 3 weeksafter birth. Also in thisstudy, wing morphology including wingspan, wing area, handwing length, handwingarea, armwing length, armwing area, aspect ratio and wing loading were studied.The wingspan in 30 and wing area increased linearly until 21 days of age bywhich time the young bats exhibited clumsy flight with gentle turns. Analysisof changes occurring on wing morphology indicates that seven wing characteristicsperform a rapid growth rate at “pre-flight” and second slower growth rate at“post-flight” periods. Wingspan, handwing, length and area, armwing length andarea, and total wing area increased linearly until the age of first flight,after which the growth rates decreased significantly (all P<0. 000). Wingloading decreased until 50 days of age and thereafter increased to 9/62 Nm_2at 80 days of age. The aspect ratio showed a high degree of scatter at earlystages of life which decreased at the later period of growth. In this study,four nonlinear growth models including Logistic, Gompertz , Von Bertalanffy andModified von Bertalanffy for length was investigated. Accordingly, the mostsuitable model for Forearmlength   was Gompertz, the most suitablemodel for Body ma   was Von Bertalanffy and the most suitablemodel for Wingspan was Gompertz .Additionally, linear regression equations, confidenceintervals and prediction intervals used for age estimation based on dataavailable for the forearm, body mass, the total gap of the 4th metacarpal-phalangealjoint, wing area , handwinglength and wingspan.

  CancerStem Cells (CSCs) are the source of many cancers, including gastric cancer.These cells are characterized by self-renewal, tumorigenicity, and resistanceto treatment. The results of the studies indicate the key role of the Wntsignaling pathway in controlling cancer stem cells and drug resistance   that created by these cells, which is reasonof most studies today focus on these cells. Also, tamoxifen is a non-steroidalanti-estrogenic drug that has been shown to have antitumoural effects. According to this information, we examined theeffect of certain concentrations of tamoxifen on the expression of CT  IP1in cancer stem cells derived from the MKN-45 cell line of gastric cancer as atherapeutic potential

  Background and objectives: Black cumin and its acting substance, timokinon, have many effects on our body, especially on hormon system ، thyroid disfunctions are among relatively common diseases around the world, Give the side effects of chemical drugs, present study was performed in order to examine the effects timokinon and hydro-alcoholic extraction of black cumin have on thyroid.Dysfunctions among mature male rats under both normal and induced hypothyroidism conditions.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 60 mature male rats were assigned to 10, 6-rat groups. Effects of 2 (200 and 400 mg/kg ) doses of hydro-alcoholic extraction of black cumin and 1( 10 mg/kg ) does of timokinon on thyroid hormones were examined. In addition, the effects of these 2 doses of black cumin extraction were both independently and in comparison with timokinon and 15 µg/ml levothyroxine( orally in drinking water ) were studied among vistar male rats with normal thyroids and with hypothyroidism induced by 5 mg propylthiouracil per 100 ml drinking water ( for 30 days, orally ). On day 47, blood samples were taken from all groups. Serum levels of thyroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay method . Results obtained from data were reported in the form of Mean ± SD .Findings: No significant diffences were observed between control groups receiving two 200, 400 mg/kg doses of hydro-alcoholic extraction of black cumin and timokinon and control groups receiving water and saline in terms of thyroid hormones. Treatment groups, which were treated by 200, 400 mg/kg black cumin exfraction, timokinon and levothyroxine for 17 days after becoming hypothyroidistic, showed a significant increase in serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine hormones in comparioson with hypothyroidistic groups( p < 0.05 ). In addition, in present study, some significant reductions were observed in the weigth, food consumed, water consumed and hematocrit in untreated hypothyroidistic groups compared to the control normal thyroid groups receiving 200, 400 mg/kg black cumin extraction and timokinon and compared to treatment groups which were treated by 200, 400 mg/kg black cumin extraction, timokinon and levothyroxine.Conclusions: Results showed that timokinon and hydro-alcoholic extraction of black cumin increase levels of thyroid hormones and decrease levels of TSH hormone.Keywords:Hydro-alcoholic black cumin extraction, Timokinon, Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, thyrotropin, propylthiouracil.