Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The limitations of conventional therapies, including systemic toxicity and drug resistance, highlight the need for novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed as a drug delivery system for the bioflavonoid luteolin, and their anticancer effects were evaluated in human gastric cancer AGS cells. SLNs and luteolin-loaded SLNs were synthesized and characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and morphology. In vitro drug release behavior was investigated under different pH conditions. The biological effects of the formulations were assessed using MTT assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, qualitative and quantitative apoptosis analysis, and cell cycle evaluation. The results demonstrated that luteolin-loaded SLNs exhibited appropriate nanoscale size, good stability, and a controlled, pH-dependent drug release profile. Blank SLNs showed no significant cytotoxicity, indicating good biocompatibility. Whilst, luteolin-loaded SLNs significantly reduced cell viability, induced controlled ROS generation, enhanced apoptosis, and disrupted cell cycle progression, particularly by inducing S-phase arrest, compared to free luteolin. Overall, these findings suggest that luteolin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles represent a promising and effective drug delivery system for improving gastric cancer therapy. Keywords: Gastric cancer, Luteolin, Solid lipid nanoparticles, Apoptosis, Cell cycle

In recent years, environmental pollution with heavy metals and toxic metalloids, including arsenic (As), has become a global challenge for food security and ecosystem health. Arsenic, which enters the environment through natural sources and human activities such as mining and the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, disrupts physiological and biochemical processes in plants. This leads to reduced growth, impaired photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and ultimately decreased agricultural productivity. Thiourea, as an organic sulfur compound, can help mitigate arsenic stress in plants. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is recognized as a suitable method for nanoparticle production due to its non-toxic nature and simplicity. Accordingly, this study investigated the protective effects of thiourea nanoparticles against arsenic stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). In this research, thiourea nanoparticles were first synthesized via a hydrothermal method using pomegranate peel extract. Subsequently, under hydroponic conditions, plants were treated with different concentrations of sodium arsenate (0, 200, 400, and 600 µM) and thiourea nanoparticles (0, 200, and 400 mg/L). The results indicated that arsenic stress, particularly at 600 µM, significantly reduced growth parameters, decreased chlorophyll content, and led to considerable arsenic accumulation in plant tissues, especially in the roots. Additionally, markers of oxidative stress, including hydrogen peroxide production and alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities, were observed. However, the application of thiourea nanoparticles effectively improved growth indices, increased chlorophyll content by 34%, reduced hydrogen peroxide by 45%, and decreased arsenic accumulation in roots by 50%. Furthermore, the activities of key antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and peroxidase increased by 25%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that thiourea nanoparticles possess a significant ability to mitigate the toxic effects of arsenic through multiple mechanisms, including neutralization of reactive oxygen species, reduction of arsenic uptake and translocation in plants, activation of the antioxidant defense system, and enhancement of plant metabolism. This study clearly shows that thiourea nanoparticles can be used as a novel, effective, and environmentally friendly strategy for managing arsenic-contaminated soils and improving the growth of crops under stress conditions. The application of this technology not only has the potential to increase agricultural production in polluted areas but also represents a significant step towards achieving sustainable agriculture and maintaining environmental health. Given the high potential of rapeseed for phytoremediation and its economic importance, the use of thiourea nanoparticles could be a promising strategy to address the challenge of soil contamination with heavy metals.    Keywords: Thiourea Nanoparticles, Arsenic, Brassica napus, Heavy Metals, Nanotechnology, Sustainable Agriculture.   

Abstract Background and Objective:  Type 1 diabetes mellitus as a chronic metabolic disorder has devastating effects on male reproductive system. Considering the side effects of chemical drugs, the use of medicinal plants as complementary therapeutic approach has gained significant importance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hawthorn (Crataegus pontica) and bryony (Bryonia dioica) leaf extracts on type 1 diabetes treatment and its subsequent impacts on testicular histology and spermatogenesis process in male rats. Materials and Methods:  In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats weighing 230 ± 10 g were randomly divided into 8 groups of 7. Type 1 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Treatment groups received hydroalcoholic plant extracts (60 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Study groups included: healthy control, untreated diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, hawthorn extract-treated diabetic, bryony extract-treated diabetic, combination extract-treated diabetic, and healthy extract-receiving groups. Metabolic indices (glucose, insulin), hormonal parameters (testosterone, estradiol), oxidative stress (MDA) and testicular histopathology were evaluated. Results: ·   Diabetes induction caused significant decrease in body weight (17.2%) and testicular weight (20.3%) (P < 0.05) ·   Blood glucose level in diabetic group reached 338.46 ± 11.67 mg/dL ·   Plasma MDA concentration increased 2.6-fold in diabetic group (0.0265 nmol/mg) ·   Serum testosterone level showed 63.8% significant decrease ·   Hawthorn extract treatment resulted in 72.3% improvement in testicular weight and 48.6% reduction in MDA level ·   Bryony extract caused 39.4% decrease in blood glucose and 54.2% improvement in spermatogonia cell count ·   Combination of extracts showed favorable synergistic effects on reproductive indices improvement Conclusion:  Hawthorn and bryony leaf extracts have significant protective effects against reproductive complications of type 1 diabetes. These effects are exerted through various mechanisms including oxidative stress reduction, hormonal profile improvement and testicular tissue structure regeneration. Using these extracts as complementary therapy alongside standard diabetes treatments is recommended. Keywords:  Type 1 diabetes, Hawthorn, Bryony, Testicular histology, Spermatogenesis, Oxidative stress, Rat   

   Wheat plant is the most important agricultural and edible crop in the world, which is cultivated on a wider scale compared to other crops due to its high nutritional value, ease of cultivation, possibility of long-term storage and adaptability to different weather conditions. Meanwhile, the production of this strategic plant is threatened due to various climatic threats, lack of water and increase in the heat of the earth. Based on this, finding solutions to reduce the effect of water shortage as the most important obstacle in achieving wheat production goals is of great importance. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of silicon nanoparticles on increasing the resistance of wheat plants to drought stress. The sample of the research included the Sauers variety of wheat (as a variety used in dry and wet areas). This research was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with drought (irrigation regimes of 3, 6 and 9 days) and priming with nano silicon at levels (zero, 400 and 800 mg/liter) in three replications. The primed seeds were affected by different irrigation regimes after germination and reaching the 6-leaf stage. After 36 days, the samples were taken and some growth, physiological and nutritional parameters were measured in the samples. The results of this research showed that the highest proline in the stem is in the treatment of 800 ppm nano silicon and 3 days of irrigation. Regarding the fresh weight of the stem, the highest amount is related to the 9-day irrigation period and 0 ppm concentration of nanosilicon. The highest amount of chlorophyll a is related to the 400 ppm nanosilicon treatment and the 9-day irrigation period, as well as the 3-day irrigation period and 400 ppm nanosilicon concentration.

This study aimed to analyze the pollen samples collected from the provinces of Ilam, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Hamedan in western Iran. The pollen samples were examined to identify their botanical origin and to investigate the chemical composition of the honey bee pollen.The pollen samples were initially sorted by color, and microscopic slides were prepared to examine their morphological characteristics using a light microscope. The results revealed that pollen grains with a yellow to creamy color spectrum were the most abundant and were considered the dominant pollen types. The Brassicaceae plant family was identified as the dominant botanical origin of pollen samples from Kermanshah and Ilam provinces. Additionally, the dominant pollen sources in the Kurdistan, Lorestan, and Hamedan provinces were found to be the Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, and Dipsacaceae plant families.Based on the results, the Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae, and Caryophyllaceae plant families were identified as the most attractive for honey bees. The pollen samples collected from the Kurdistan and Ilam provinces exhibited the highest (373.11 mg/g) and lowest (137.06 mg/g) levels of phenolic compounds, respectively. Similarly, the highest (7.70 mg/g) and lowest (2.45 mg/g) concentrations of flavonoids were found in the pollen samples from the Kurdistan and Ilam provinces, respectively. The highest protein content (16.63 mg/g) was observed in the pollen samples from the Kurdistan province.  

  lants are subjected to stresses during their life cycle, and drought is one of the most important of these stresses. Drought stress affects growth and development and metabolic activities. Silicon improves the tolerance of plants to drought stress by increasing water absorption through the roots and increasing nutrients and reducing the rate of tra  iration. Various types of silicon and nano silicon have been investigated and compared in improving the resistance of this plant to drought stress.The results obtained by silicon increases the tolerance of plants against various stresses, including drought stress. The use of silicon in the conditions of drought stress led to an increase in the fresh and dry weight of the stem. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of silicon and silicon nanoparticles on some physiological and biochemical parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare) of Sarroud cultivar under drought stress. Nanoparticles interact with plant cells and depending on the properties of nanoparticles, they cause many morphological and physiological changes in plants.Nanosilicon is an important metal oxide among different types of nanoparticles, which has characteristics such as reactivity and a high surface-to-volume ratio, easily penetrating the plant. Therefore, nanosilicon, due to its direct and indirect effect on plants, improves the plant's mineral nutrition, increases Plant resistance or detoxification against oxygen free radicals increases plant growth and development in drought stress conditions. According to the results of analysis of variance and comparison of averages, it was observed that drought stress reduced vegetative growth in each barley plant. By examining the wet weight of the upper part of the soil and roots, the effect of drought stress on the wet weight of the upper part of the soil and roots was significant, but no significant difference was observed due to the effect of drought stress.With the passage of time, the barley plant shows a tendency to decrease in terms of wet weight in response to increasing levels of dry treatment, so application on the fourteenth day shows the lowest wet weight and the control day shows the highest wet weight. The measurement results regarding the dry weight of the upper part of the soil and the root show that the effect of drought stress on the dry weight of the root and the upper part of the soil is significantly different. In addition, the examination of changes in chlorophyll a and b proteins under drought stress conditions showed that the effect of drought stress on these characteristics is significant and causes a decrease in protein and chlorophyll in barley plants.

  Qasr Shirin city, due to its hot and dry weather conditions, has its own ecological situation, it is under the influence of three regions of plant geography of Iran - Turan, Sahara-Arabian and Mediterranean. According to the above point, specific taxa have adapted to these conditions in this area. Also, the winds that enter this region from the direction of Iraq affect the atmosphere of this region. The purpose of this investigation was to study allergenic pollens and particles floating in the air. In the above area, the pollens in the air were checked by the Durham method, and the greatest variety of pollens was related to the plants of the families of Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae as well as the pollens of cultivated and decorative plants such as pine. They had a scattered area. In addition, particles of biological origin, including light pieces of various plant parts, such as hairs and pieces of skin tissue, leaves and flowers, seeds and small winged fruits, and pieces or spores of mushrooms. , bacteria and viruses were observed on the surface of the slide. 50 samples of the important plants of the region were collected and then transferred to the herbarium of Razi University and identified, and the " Acetolysis - Erdtman" method was used to examine the pollen with the help of a light microscope (LM). These studies included the size of the polar and equatorial axis, shape, valve condition and surface decorations of the pollen grains and showed that the studied pollen grains were small, medium, large and very large in terms of size, for example, the largest seed Pollen is a type of Scabiosa sp. from the family of Dipsacaceae and the smallest is related to some Boraginaceae plants. These pollens, in terms of apertures (colpus and pore), included: Monoporate, Triporate, Pantoporate, Pantoporate, Colpate, Colporate (Zonocolpate and Pantocolpate). Also, in terms of surface decorations, using an optical microscope, in the form of: Striate, Striate- Granulate, Microechinate, Microechinate-Perforate, Macroechinate, Macroechinate-Perforate, Psilate, Psilate-Vrrucate and Rticulate were observed. Key words: Atmosphere, allergenic pollens, acetolysis method, Dorham method, Kermanshah

Mesenchymal stem cells are cells with special abilities such as pluripotency, high proliferative power, self-renewal, differentiation, escape from the immune system, etc. and are obtained from many sources and at all ages. The increasing applications of these cells in various fields such as cell therapy, personalized medicine, regenerative medicine and drug delivery show the high potential of these cells for clinical use. Due to the high importance of mesenchymal stem cells, it is very important to identify factors and conditions affecting their characteristics. Examining the interaction and effects of nanomaterials on these cells is of particular importance due to the high potential of both fields and the need for research and studies in this field. Nanotechnologies are developing rapidly due to the unique and key properties of nanomaterials. Manganese dioxide nanoparticles are considered one of the most attractive nanoparticles in research due to their excellent physicochemical properties, electrochemical stability, high surface area and abundance of resources, nanozyme activity, etc. These nanoparticles are used to eliminate the hypoxic conditions of the cancer microenvironment, increase the contrast in imaging methods such as MRI, drug delivery, etc. Therefore, investigating the effect of manganese dioxide nanoparticles on the characteristics and functions of MSC cells creates an attractive research field. In addition, by making surface changes in MnO2 nanoparticles, its properties and functions can be improved. There are several strategies to improve the performance and properties of nanoparticles. Surface modification by connecting different agents is one of the appropriate strategies to improve the performance and properties of nanoparticles. Amino acids are suitable candidates for coating nanoparticles due to having different functional groups and multiple roles in organisms. Also, there are not enough studies on the effect of chirality of surface agents on the properties of nanoparticles. In this research, MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and then functionalized by right-rounded and left-rounded forms of alanine. Then, to ensure the accuracy of the synthesis and binding of alanine forms, FT-IR, UV-VIS, DLS, zeta potential, EDX and SEM analyzes were performed, which indicated the proper synthesis of MnO2 and the binding of L and D forms of alanine to these nanoparticles. hTER-MSC cells were obtained from Ferdowsi University (Dr. Ahmadreza Bahrami's laboratory). Then, with the help of MTT, LDH, trypan blue, NBT, PI-flow cytometry tests, wound healing in the laboratory and gene expression investigation, the effect of these nanoparticles on survival, cytotoxicity, proliferation, pro/antioxidant, cell cycle arrest and gene expression, respectively Involved in these characteristics and fundamentality, immune regulation and lncRNA of MSC cells were investigated.

  Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that may be detected in water and plants. Wheat, as a food consumed by 60% of the world's population, may absorb a large amount of cadmium through its roots and transfer cadmium to the branches and seeds, thus causing risks to human health. Biochar is known to protect plants against water salinity and heavy metal stress. Biochar can be an effective amendment that can immobilize heavy metals in water, reduce metal uptake by plants and increase crop yield. However, there are only limited studies on the application of biochar in this field. Uncertainty remains in the results because these studies have a wide range of biochar properties, environmental conditions, and study design parameters. To investigate the effectiveness of biochar under field conditions, this study reviewed 34 biochar field trials published before June 30, 2020. Cd mobility was analyzed in depth because most of the available data were on cadmium contamination. The results showed that in all studies, the addition of biochar to water led to an average decrease of 33 and 28% in the exchangeable fraction of cadmium in water and cadmium enrichment of plant tissues. Product yield increased by an average of 21%. The efficiency of biochar varies depending on water characteristics, biochar characteristics such as raw materials, biochar dosage and weather factors such as precipitation. It was found that rice straw or hardwood-derived biochar may be the best for Cd stabilization in water. Increasing the pH and OC of water due to the addition of biochar significantly reduced the mobility of cadmium in water. In the aerial part, including the stem, the water was contaminated with cadmium. Finally, in wheat that is irrigated with water containing cadmium, the accumulation of cadmium was higher than the control and its accumulation was higher in the root.Key words: biochar - cadmium - Sardari wheat - heavy metals - water

  Research Aim: The main purposes of this study include; Focus on metal-based nanoparticles as a potential treatment for bacterial infectious diseases, analyze the causes of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, evaluate the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in environmental and laboratory conditions, evaluate the effect of various parameters such as shape, size, concentration and Etc. In the activity of metal-based nanoparticles and determining their most effective state against different microorganisms, trying to understand the mechanism of action of different nanoparticles, investigating the effect of bimetallic nanoparticles and the combination of nanoparticles and antibiotics against infectious bacteria, possible negative effects of nanoparticles and predicting resistance Bacteria are against these nanoparticles.Research method: This study is a review. In this study, the shape and type of nanoparticles are examined to combat infection caused by microorganisms and also lack of sensitivity in the immune system. Also, issues such as the appropriate concentration of nanoparticles (which do not cause toxicity in the body and do not cause side effects) and the feasibility of developing resistance to nanoparticles are examined.Findings: Metal nanoparticles have good physical, chemical and surface charges. These unique properties make metal nanoparticles a potential therapeutic for infectious diseases. The general mechanisms of action of nanoparticles include cell wall degradation, production of reactive oxygen species, and production of metal ions, all of which cause damage to macromolecules and bacterial DNA, and ultimately lead to bacterial cell death.Conclusion: From all the research presented in this study, it can be concluded that metal nanoparticles and metal oxide can be a good alternative for infectious diseases caused by bacteria that have been difficult to treat due to drug resistance. The applications of metal nanoparticles can be summarized as follows: replacing nanoparticles with common antibiotics that bacteria have become resistant to, combining nanoparticles with antibiotics or with each other, and producing bipolar nanoparticles to increase their effectiveness and use Nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. Overall, metal-based nanoparticles promise a promising future in the treatment of bacterial infections.

  Chromium, as an unnecessary and toxic element in high concentrations, causes stress in plants and thus affects physiological and biochemical processes. The use of organic acids externally in stressful plants can increase growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chromium and organic acids malic and citric on the physiological and biochemical properties of hyperaccumulator plant, Isatis cappadocica. For this purpose, an experiment was designed in the form of a randomized factorial design with zero, 50, 150 and 450 ?M chromium concentrations and 250 ?M concentrations of malic and citric organic acids in hydroponic culture conditions. After the treatment period, samples were taken and growth parameters, plant pigment content, hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzymes, total protein, proline as well as the concentration of chromium, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus were measured in them. The results showed that increasing chromium treatment levels reduced growth parameters, photosynthetic pigmentation and also decreased uptake of potassium, calcium and phosphorus elements in the plant, but the content of hydrogen peroxide, soluble protein, proline, antioxidant enzyme activity and chromium uptake. And sodium increased under the influence of increased chromium concentration in the culture medium. On the other hand, malic and citric organic acids, by having a positive effect on the growth and absorption of plant elements, as well as increasing the antioxidant defense of the plant, increased the plant's resistance to stress caused by chromium toxicity in Isatis cappadocica. The most important effects of malic acid against chromium are increased root weight (150 micromolar chromium treatment) and 85% chromium peroxidase enzyme activity (50 micromolar treatment), reduced air chromium concentration (150 micromolar treatment). Chromium (53%), decreased sodium concentration in most treatments, 2-fold increase in root potassium concentration (150 micromolar chromium treatment), decreased calcium concentration as well as increased aerial phosphorus concentration (150 ?M chromium treatment) and plant root (50 ?M chromium treatment) 5 and 5.3 times, respectively, compared to the absence of malic acid. Citric acid, in contrast to chromium, increases the activity of glutathione S-transferase root (50 and 150 ?M chromium treatments) by 97 and 67%, reduces the concentration of heavy metal chromium in the aerial part of the plant (50 ?m chromolar treatment) by 50%, 2-fold increase in the concentration of sodium in the aerial part, 50% increase in the concentration of root potassium (treatment of 150 micrograms of chromium), 61% decrease in the concentration of calcium in the roots (treatment of 50 micrograms of chromium), increase in the concentration of phosphorus in the aerial part (treatment of 150 micrograms) (50 micromolar chromium), respectively, 5 and 4.8 times the absence of citric acid, respectively. In addition, the highest incremental effect of malic and citric organic acids on the parameters measured in the absence of chromium was observed on the concentration of root phosphorus and 13 and 18 times the control, respectively. Therefore, it seems that malic and citric organic acids, by influencing the growth and resistance parameters of Isatis cappadocica plant, played a key role in reducing the stress effects caused by 50 and 150 ?M chromium concentrations.

  Evaluation the effect of nitric oxide on antioxidative responses of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and Camelina )Camelina sativa L.), under salt stressQuick Reply