The balance and interaction between microorganisms is essential for maintaining a healthy vaginal environment. Lactobacilli play a key role in this balance by producing lactic acid, bacteriocins, and hydrogen peroxide, and their reduction can lead to overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria. One relatively new disorder in this field is aerobic vaginitis (AV), in which aerobic bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus replace the normal microbiota, leading to inflammation, abnormal discharge, and damage to the epithelium. This disease is often confused with bacterial vaginosis and can cause serious complications such as infertility and premature birth. Chronic and repeated use of antibacterial drugs has always been associated with consequences such as the emergence of antibiotic resistance and disruption of the normal symbiosis of the vaginal microflora. This disruption in microbial symbiosis not only reduces the effectiveness of treatment, but also paves the way for secondary infections. Therefore, the development and evaluation of therapeutic options that simultaneously affect the pathogen and inflammatory processes associated with (AV) are of great importance. Interventions that can both combat the microbial agent and control inflammation of the vaginal mucosa can increase the effectiveness and sustainability of treatment. While no standard and effective treatment has been defined for it so far. In the meantime, abscisic acid (ABA), which is known as a phytohormone in plants, has attracted attention in recent years due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in mammalian animal models. Abscisic acid acts through receptors such as PPAR-? and LANCL-2 and plays an effective role in inhibiting tissue damage associated with inflammation by increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and reducing inflammatory enzymes. For this reason, this compound could be considered a natural option for treating inflammatory diseases, including vaginal infections.

Abstract Background and Objective:  Type 1 diabetes mellitus as a chronic metabolic disorder has devastating effects on male reproductive system. Considering the side effects of chemical drugs, the use of medicinal plants as complementary therapeutic approach has gained significant importance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hawthorn (Crataegus pontica) and bryony (Bryonia dioica) leaf extracts on type 1 diabetes treatment and its subsequent impacts on testicular histology and spermatogenesis process in male rats. Materials and Methods:  In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats weighing 230 ± 10 g were randomly divided into 8 groups of 7. Type 1 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Treatment groups received hydroalcoholic plant extracts (60 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Study groups included: healthy control, untreated diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, hawthorn extract-treated diabetic, bryony extract-treated diabetic, combination extract-treated diabetic, and healthy extract-receiving groups. Metabolic indices (glucose, insulin), hormonal parameters (testosterone, estradiol), oxidative stress (MDA) and testicular histopathology were evaluated. Results: ·   Diabetes induction caused significant decrease in body weight (17.2%) and testicular weight (20.3%) (P < 0.05) ·   Blood glucose level in diabetic group reached 338.46 ± 11.67 mg/dL ·   Plasma MDA concentration increased 2.6-fold in diabetic group (0.0265 nmol/mg) ·   Serum testosterone level showed 63.8% significant decrease ·   Hawthorn extract treatment resulted in 72.3% improvement in testicular weight and 48.6% reduction in MDA level ·   Bryony extract caused 39.4% decrease in blood glucose and 54.2% improvement in spermatogonia cell count ·   Combination of extracts showed favorable synergistic effects on reproductive indices improvement Conclusion:  Hawthorn and bryony leaf extracts have significant protective effects against reproductive complications of type 1 diabetes. These effects are exerted through various mechanisms including oxidative stress reduction, hormonal profile improvement and testicular tissue structure regeneration. Using these extracts as complementary therapy alongside standard diabetes treatments is recommended. Keywords:  Type 1 diabetes, Hawthorn, Bryony, Testicular histology, Spermatogenesis, Oxidative stress, Rat   

 Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. Early complications, mortality, reduced life expectancy and financial costs of diabetes have made it a major public health condition. Increased blood sugar increases oxidative stress and, as a result, inflammation, activation of the polyol pathway and damage to various organs of the body, including the liver, which is the largest internal organ of the body. Therefore, liver disease is a common problem in these patients. Medicinal plants have numerous benefits, including their antioxidant properties, which are effective in reducing oxidative stress. In this study, 56 male rats will be used in eight groups of 7 to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of hawthorn and fassa on the treatment of diabetes, as well as its effect on liver tissue structure and blood parameters, with the following groups: control without receiving medication and treatment, diabetic control group receiving streptozotocin, and healthy group receiving hawthorn leaf extract at a dose of 80 mg/kg. Healthy group receiving 60 mg/kg of phasera leaf extract, diabetic group receiving 80 mg/kg of hawthorn extract, diabetic group receiving 60 mg/kg of phasera leaf extract, diabetic group receiving 80 mg/kg of phasera leaf extract and 60 mg/kg of phasera leaf, diabetic group receiving insulin. Diabetic groups will become diabetic by injecting 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin, while non-diabetic groups will receive the same volume of saline. And they were gavage for 4 weeks and the blood glucose of the mice was measured every week with a glucometer. After the end of 4 weeks, the mice were euthanized and their blood and tissue samples were taken for the necessary tests. Then, the data obtained from various measurements were analyzed using Graph pad prism software and one-way analysis of variance statistical test. The results showed that the combined consumption of hawthorn and bryonia extracts was able to significantly reduce blood glucose levels, which indicates the positive effect of the plant in controlling blood sugar. Although an increase in insulin levels was observed in the extract-receiving group, this increase was not statistically significant, indicating that the mechanism of blood sugar reduction may occur through pathways independent of the increase in insulin. Also, the combined extract had a positive effect on liver function, causing a significant decrease in the liver enzymes ALT and AST compared to the diabetic group, indicating the protective role of the extract on liver tissue and reducing damage caused by diabetes. Changes in the ALP enzyme were not statistically significant, but its decreasing trend may become important in longer studies. The hematocrit parameter also increased numerically in the treatment group, but this change was not significant. Malondialdehyde assays also showed that consumption of this extract was able to significantly reduce malondialdehyde levels, indicating the positive effect of the combined extract of hawthorn and Bryonia. However, these preliminary results could pave the way for further research in this field.  

  Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of fenugreek root extract on blood parameters and liver histology in hypercholesterolemic rats. Research methodology: 36 male rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6). 1- Control group: consumed regular food for 8 weeks. 2- Control group: They were fed a high cholesterol diet (containing 2% cholesterol) for 8 weeks from the beginning to the end of the experiment (8 weeks). 3- Group 3: They were fed a high cholesterol diet (food containing 2% cholesterol) for 4 weeks and after this period, they received 50 mg/kg of fenugreek extract along with the high cholesterol diet for another four weeks. 4- Group 4: They were fed a high cholesterol diet (food containing 2% cholesterol) for 4 weeks and after this period, they received 100 mg/kg of fenugreek extract along with the high cholesterol diet for another four weeks. 5- Group 5: They were fed a high cholesterol diet (food containing 2% cholesterol) for 4 weeks and then received 200 mg/kg of fenugreek extract along with the high cholesterol diet for another four weeks. 6- Group 6: They were fed a cholesterol diet for 4 weeks High (food containing 2% cholesterol) and after this period, for another four weeks, they were fed with high cholesterol diet at a rate of (400 mg/kg) of fenugreek extract. Fenugreek extract was administered to rats daily by gavage. The weight of the rats was evaluated at the beginning and end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, after deep anesthesia, blood samples were taken from all rats and liver samples were separated and stored in a freezer at -20 °C for subsequent experiments. The values ??obtained in different groups were analyzed with    version 21 statistical software and the level of P < 0.05 was considered as a significant difference in the measurements in different groups. Findings: At the end of the experiment, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of body weight (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol and triglycerides in the groups receiving fenugreek extract decreased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). HDL increased in all groups receiving the extract of the sedge compared to the control group and even compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, the extract of the sedge had no significant effect on the plasma LDL of rats (P<0.05), but VLDL decreased in the groups treated with the extract of the sedge (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in terms of glucose between the tested groups, although the group receiving 400 mg/kg of the extract of the sedge showed a high average glucose. The liver enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was the highest in the control group (222 u/l) and the use of different doses of the extract of the sedge in hypercholesterolemic rats caused a significant decrease in this liver enzyme (P<0.05). But alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was the highest in the control group and significantly decreased in the groups receiving 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of senna extract (P<0.05). Albumin and total protein did not differ significantly between the groups. Only group 3 (50 mg/kg extract dose) showed a significant increase in albumin levels compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Urea, uric acid and creatinine did not change significantly under the influence of high doses, but uric acid in group 6 was significantly higher than groups 2 and 3. Consumption of senna extract at all levels, especially at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, caused a decrease in MDA. The highest antioxidant capacity (TAC) was observed in group 6 with an average of 0.74 mmol/l (P<0.05). The control group (hypercholesterolemia without extract) had the lowest TAC value (0.45 mmol/l).

  Oxidative stress indicates an imbalance between the production and

   Abstract Introduction and purpose Studies strongly indicate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of methyl jasmonate. However, no study has been conducted on the anti-migraine effects of methyl jasmonate.   Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of methyl jasmonate on the behavioral appearances of migraine headaches as well as the changes of some factors involved in oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex and brainstem tissues of rats following in a rat model of nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced   migraine . Materials and methods: In this study, fourty two adult male Wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=6) including the control, sham, NTG, and NTG+ methyl jasmonate pretreated and posttreated groups at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Five intraperitoneal injections (every other day) of NTG was used to induce migraine attacks like symptoms. Following NTG injection, the animals show behavioral indicators indicative of migraine headaches including cage climbing, freezing (immobility), resting and head and face rubbing(facial rubbing). Pain behaviors were recorded for 90 min. In order to accurately record pain behavior, in addition to manual recording of pain movements, it was recorded and re-evaluated with an automatic image recording system. After of the drugs injection and behavioral evaluation of migraine headache, rats were deeply anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of ketamine and xylazine, and the cortical and brainstem tissues were isolated and used to measure factors related to oxidative stress, including catalase, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and ROS. Results: The grooming and climbing behaviors was decreased in NTG-treated rats as compared to control group, while these behaviors was increased in the groups of rats pre-treated and post-treated with   methyl jasmonate at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg compared to the NTG group. The time of freezing, resting and facial rubbing was increased in the migraine group compared to the control group, however, such behaviors was decreased in all the groups treated with methyl jasmonate compared to the NTG group. The activity of catalase and glutathione induction was   decreased in NTG group as compared to the control and sham groups.   However, the groups pre-treated and post-treated with methyl jasmonate (5 and 10 mg/kg) showed increase in catalase activity and production of glutathione as compared to NTG group. In addition, malondialdehyde and ROS levels was increased in   TG-treated rats as compared to the control and sham groups.   evertheless, treatment with methyl jasmonate at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg could decrease such activity in comparsion to the NTG group Conclusion: In general, the results of this research indicate that methyl jasmonate is able to reduce the severity of migraine headaches and oxidative stress in NTG-treated rats.   These effects might be partly mediated by its antioxidant potential. Keywords: Methyl jasmonate-Migraine-Nitroglycerin-Rats-Oxidative stress

  

   Although cholesterol is an essential and vital compound in the formation of cell membranes, its high amount in the blood can act as a high-risk factor in the body. The plant with the scientific name Prosopis farcta belongs to the Leguminosea family, which has many medicinal properties attributed to it in various sources. Olive, with the scientific name Olea Europaea L., belongs to the Oleacea family, in which many useful compounds have been identified. Another very useful and essential fatty acid for the body is omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA ?-3). This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of mistletoe plant extract combined with olive oil and omega-3 on the serum level of lipids in hypercholesterolemic rats. Therefore, the number of 60 male rats was divided as follows.- Control group: They were kept with the usual diet.- Hypercholesterolemia group: High fat diet (containing 2% cholesterol) was given for 8 weeks.- Hypercholesterolemia + PF group: first for 4 weeks high-fat diet and then for 4 weeks together with high-fat diet, kohork plant extract was eaten at the rate of 100 mg/kg.- Hypercholesterolemia + olive oil group: first, for 4 weeks, high-fat diet was given, and then for 4 weeks, along with high-fat diet, olive oil was given at the rate of 5%.- Hypercholesterolemia + Omega-3 group: First, a high-fat diet was given for 4 weeks, and then, Omega-3 was given at the rate of 400 mg/kg for 4 weeks along with a high-fat diet.- Hypercholesterolemia + olive oil + omega-3 group: First, a high-fat diet was given for 4 weeks, and then for 4 weeks, together with a high-fat diet, olive oil and omega-3 were given in the above methods and amounts.- Hypercholesterolemia + PF + olive oil group: first for 4 weeks high-fat diet and then for 4 weeks together with high-fat diet, kahorak plant extract and olive oil were given in the above methods and amounts.- Hypercholesterolemia + PF + omega-3 group: first A high-fat diet was given for 4 weeks, and then for 4 weeks together with a high-fat diet, mesquite plant extract and omega-3 were given in the above methods and amounts.- Hypercholesterolemic + PF + olive oil + omega-3 group: first for 4 weeks, high-fat diet and then for 4 weeks together with high-fat diet, kahorak plant extract, olive oil and omega-3 were given in the above methods and amounts.- Hypercholesterolemia + atrostatin group: At first for 4 weeks high-fat diet and then for 4 weeks together with high-fat diet, the drug atrostatin was given in the amount of 20 mg/kg. and their tissue samples were separated. After centrifugation and plasma separation, the blood sample was used to measure lipid factors, glucose, oxidative stress indices and liver enzymes. From the liver tissue sample, after fixation in 10% formalin and tissue passage, tissue slides were prepared and subjected to histopathological study.

   Abstract: The use of natural antioxidants of plant origin in semen extenders is taken into researchers consideration as an alternative to industrial antioxidants due to having phenolic compounds and high antioxidant capacity and not having problems related to safety and toxic compounds in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 ?g/ml) of hydroalcoholic extract of mountain tea and artemisia as a sperm extender on the quality of frozen and thawed sheep semen. This experiment was conducted in completly randomized design with 4 Sanjabi rams and six replications. Semen collection was done using artificial vagina once every two weeks. The content of phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, functional groups determination and the toxicity level of different concentrations of the extracts was performed respectively using Folin-Ciocaltue colorimetric method, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, DPPH solution, FTIR spectrum and MTT test. total motility were determined with phase contrast microscope and sperm viability was done with eosin-nigrosin staining. HOS test analysis was used to determine the stability and integrity of sperm membrane. Hancock's solution was used to determine sperm abnormalities and acridine staining was used to determine sperm apoptosis rate. The amount of lipid peroxidation was determined using the amount of malondialdehyde production. Data analysis was done using    software and mean comparisons were done at the 5% level with Duncan's test. The results of GC-MS chromatogram analysis of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Artemisia and mountain tea showed 9 and 8 peaks of the compounds of the extracts of these plants, respectively. The peaks observed in the hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia and mountain tea confirmed the presence of C-H, C-C, O-H, C=O, O=C=O and O-H functional groups. The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the treatments in the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds (p<0.05). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the treatments on scavenging of free radicals, sperm viability, percentage of sperm viability, total motility, integrity of membrane and DNA, and the amount of malondialdehyde production (p<0.05). The highest sperm viability and percentage of sperm viability were observed with the addition of 80 ?g/ml hydroalcoholic extract of mountain tea compared to other treatments, and the viability decreased with the increase in the concentration of the extracts (p<0.05). ). The total sperms motility was higher with the addition of 80 ?g/ml of hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia and mountain tea compared to other treatments after freezing and thawing, and with increasing the concentration of the extracts, the total motility decreased (p<0.05). Addition of 80 ?g/ml of hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia and mountain tea improved the integrity of the sperm membrane compared to other treatments and the control, and increasing the concentration of the extract caused the destruction of the integrity of the membrane (p<0.05). DNA integrity was higher in the presence of 80 ?g/ml hydroalcoholic extract of mountain tea than other treatments, and increasing the concentration of the extract caused more damage to DNA integrity (p<0.05). The addition of 80 ?g/ml of hydroalcoholic extract decreased the production of malondialdehyde compared to other treatments after freezing and thawing, and with increasing concentration, the production of malondialdehyde also increased (p<0.05). According to the obtained results, the level of 80 ?g/ml of the hydroalcoholic extract of these two plants in to extender is suitable for influencing the investigated characteristics and reducing the production of malondialdehyde. Key words:

      طب سنتي يكي از علوم تجربي است كه با ظهور و پيدايش علوم مدرن همچنان اهميت و جايگاه خود را مانند گذشته حفظ كرده است. طب سنتي كه در گذشته حاصل كسب تجارب در زمينه­ي استفاده از روش­هاي درماني مختلف بوده است امروزه به صورت آكادميك و سازمان يافته شده تدريس و مورد بهره برداري قرار مي­گيرد. طب سنتي بنابر تعريف ارائه شده توسط سازمان بهداشت جهاني عبارت است از مجموعه­اي از مهارت­ها، دانش و روش­هاي مبتني بر تجربه كه به منظور پيشگيري، كاهش و درمان انواع بيماري­ها مورد استفاده قرار مي­گيرد. كتاب الصيدنه في الطب (داروشناسي در پزشكي) آخرين اثر ابوريحان بيروني است كه به صورت تنها نسخه­ي اصلاح نشده به زبان عربي به ما رسيده ‌است. اين اثر گرانبها منبعي در داروشناسي سده‌هاي ميانه­ي خاورزمين است كه در آن بيش از هزار دارو با منشا گياهي، حيواني و معدني با اشاره به نام‌هاي آن‌ها به بسياري از زبان‌ها و گويش‌ها توصيف شده‌ است. در صيدنه اثري از مدح و اهدا نامه معمول ديده نمي‌شود و از هدف‌هاي نوشتن آن نيز مستقيما سخني نرفته ‌است. بيروني با درك اهميت زياد اين مسئله، حدود ???? نام گياه، حيوان، ماده­ي معدني و فراورده‌هاي آن‌ها را به زبان‌هاي عربي، يوناني، سرياني، هندي، فارسي، خوارزمي، سغدي، تركي و جز اين‌ها گرد آورده و توضيح داده ‌است و بدين ترتيب گام جديدي در راه تنظيم و ترتيب اصطلاحات دارويي زمان خود برداشته ‌است. با توجه به اين كه تا كنون يك بررسي جامع در خصوص اين كتاب انجام نشده است اين پژوهش انجام شد و اميدواريم كه در آينده بتوانيم اطلاعات موجود در اين كتاب ارزشمند را استخراج و در صورت امكان به صورت يك پايگاه داده­ي مناسب درآوريم.    واژگان كليدي: طب سنتي، الصيدنه في الطب، پايگاه داده.       طب سنتي يكي از علوم تجربي است كه با ظهور و پيدايش علوم مدرن همچنان اهميت و جايگاه خود را مانند گذشته حفظ كرده است. طب سنتي كه در گذشته حاصل كسب تجارب در زمينه­ي استفاده از روش­هاي درماني مختلف بوده است امروزه به صورت آكادميك و سازمان يافته شده تدريس و مورد بهره برداري قرار مي­گيرد. طب سنتي بنابر تعريف ارائه شده توسط سازمان بهداشت جهاني عبارت است از مجموعه­اي از مهارت­ها، دانش و روش­هاي مبتني بر تجربه كه به منظور پيشگيري، كاهش و درمان انواع بيماري­ها مورد استفاده قرار مي­گيرد. كتاب الصيدنه في الطب (داروشناسي در پزشكي) آخرين اثر ابوريحان بيروني است كه به صورت تنها نسخه­ي اصلاح نشده به زبان عربي به ما رسيده ‌است. اين اثر گرانبها منبعي در داروشناسي سده‌هاي ميانه­ي خاورزمين است كه در آن بيش از هزار دارو با منشا گياهي، حيواني و معدني با اشاره به نام‌هاي آن‌ها به بسياري از زبان‌ها و گويش‌ها توصيف شده‌ است. در صيدنه اثري از مدح و اهدا نامه معمول ديده نمي‌شود و از هدف‌هاي نوشتن آن نيز مستقيما سخني نرفته ‌است. بيروني با درك اهميت زياد اين مسئله، حدود ???? نام گياه، حيوان، ماده­ي معدني و فراورده‌هاي آن‌ها را به زبان‌هاي عربي، يوناني، سرياني، هندي، فارسي، خوارزمي، سغدي، تركي و جز اين‌ها گرد آورده و توضيح داده ‌است و بدين ترتيب گام جديدي در راه تنظيم و ترتيب اصطلاحات دارويي زمان خود برداشته ‌است. با توجه به اين كه تا كنون يك بررسي جامع در خصوص اين كتاب انجام نشده است اين پژوهش انجام شد و اميدواريم كه در آينده بتوانيم اطلاعات موجود در اين كتاب ارزشمند را استخراج و در صورت امكان به صورت يك پايگاه داده­ي مناسب درآوريم.    واژگان كليدي: طب سنتي، الصيدنه في الطب، پايگاه داده.   

The incubation environment plays an important role in the development of the chick embryo and during this process, the management of temperature, humidity, light, egg rotation and air composition is very important to achieve successful artificial incubation. Light is an external stimulus in the environment and plays an important role in regulating biological processes. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of light on chick embryos during embryonic and hatching periods. In the systematic review study, articles from 1974 to 2022 whose full text was available were used. All published studies in the PubMed database were searched using relevant keywords including photostimulation and chicken. In the initial search, 800 articles were found, after removing unrelated studies, 48 articles were finally included in the study. According to the obtained data, 75% of the studies were conducted on the meat breed and 23% on the egg-laying breed. In 2% of the articles, the studied race was not reported. 26% of the articles used full 24-hour lighting and 24% used a photoperiod consisting of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. 33% of the photoperiod articles did not report the treatment of fertilized eggs. Based on the extracted data, 63% of studies used LED light sources, 20% of fluorescent lamps, 11% of incandescent lamps, 2% of optical fibers and 2% of lasers. In 2% of the researches, the type of lighting source was not reported. In 45% of the luxury articles used, it was between 100 and 1000. 16% used 100 lux and 8% used more than 1000 lux for treatment. 31% of articles did not report their choice. After checking the color of the light source used, it was found that 29% of the articles used green color, 25% white light, 17% red color and 12% blue color for their experiments. 17% of articles did not report color in their research. 17 articles also investigated the effect of light on development and 13 articles on its effect on chick embryo growth. Analysis of the results showed that light controls many physiological and behavioral processes such as growth, development, behavior, somatotropic axis, reproduction and migration in birds. Exposure of developing embryos to light can play an important role in hatching performance and embryo growth rate, reduce the stress response to the post-hatching environment, and ultimately affect the bird's performance, behavior and well-being. In general, light intensity, spectral composition and photoperiod are the three main parameters of light that can be used as a tool to manage poultry production.   

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    Thepurpose of this research is to investigate the use of progesterone-containingsponges for synchronizing and using different types of antibiotics(doxycycline, neomycin, trisol, oxy tetracycline) as local and systemictreatment in order to investigate the control of infections caused by the useof sponges or population reduction. Unwanted germs were Ile du France ewes. Forthis purpose, 200 Gilde France ewes were selected and randomly placed among 5experimental groups. The experimental groups were: 1) control treatment,sponges impregnated with doxycycline powder (in the amount of 200 mg) for 14days in the vagina 2) control treatment + oxytetracycline 500 mg oblet for 14days in the vagina 3 ) control treatment + neomycin 480 mg oblet for 14 days inthe vagina 4) control treatment + trisol 500 mg oblet for 14 days in the vagina5) sheep of this group received doxycycline-free sponges and an intramuscularinjection They had oxytetracycline LA in the amount of 500 mg.   Ewes in all groups received 400 internationalunits of eCG hormone at the time of sponge harvesting. Adhesion rate and rateof vaginal infections were recorded at the time of sponge removal. On the 40thday after ramming, ultrasound technique was used to check the state ofpregnancy. Reproduction indices were also calculated. There was no significantdifference in the adhesion percentage of the mattress in all groups (P <0.05). Vaginal infections at grade 0 in groups 1 and 2 showed a significantdifference compared to other groups (P<0.05). So that the lowest number ofewes without infection was related to these two groups. In grade 1, group 2,the lowest number of ewes with low infection and bad smell was in group 2. Ingrades 2 and 3, the lowest number of ewes with severe infection with bleedingand foul smell was related to groups 4, 3 and 5. Fertility percentage, twinbirth, stillbirth and abortion were not significant in any of the experimentaltreatments (p<0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it is concludedthat the use of antibiotics significantly reduced the rate of infections causedby using sponges or reducing the population of unwanted microbes.  Keywords:synchronization of estrus, antibiotics, vaginal infection, fertility  

  AbstractProductionof high amounts of reactive oxygen species during the freezing-thawing processis the main factor of disorder in sperm performance. Antioxidants causeimproving mobility and preserve the quality of sperm by reducing the formationand scavenging the free radicals. Glutathione peroxidase, as an essentialprotein, is involved in sperm motility. Selenium is known as a fundamentaltrace element for spermatogenesis, and most of the selenium in the testicle isassociated with glutathione peroxidase. Selenium nanoparticles are less toxicthan selenite. Cysteine is a thiol-containing amino acid with antioxidantactivity, and thiol groups prevent hydrogen peroxide formation in sperm. Also,a thiol is the precursor of biosynthesis of the intracellular glutathione andincreases its surface. In this study, selenium nanoparticles were producedusing the streptococcus bacteria. Then, the synthesized selenium nanoparticleswere coated with cysteamine. Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by bacteriaand coated nanoparticles by cysteamine was confirmed by UV-visiblespectroscopy. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were determinedusing X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, andField Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) imaging. In the presentstudy, semen was prepared twice a week from four mature rams of the Sanjabibreed with an artificial vagina. After diluting the semen in an alkalinediluent, different concentrations (1, 5, 25, and 125 mg/mL) of cysteamine, nanoselenium synthesized by bacteria, nano selenium coated by cysteamine, andsodium selenite salt were added. The additive-free group was considered acontrol group. The study treatments were pulled in 0.25 mL straws and wereplaced in the refrigerator for balancing for 4 hours at 4 oC. Then,straws were put at the height of 4 cm from nitrogen vapor for 12 minutes, andat the end, they were floated in nitrogen and transferred to the nitrogen tank.After thawing (30 seconds at the temperature of 37o

Since there is an increasing interest amongst sheep farmers to use artificial insemination, finding solutions to preserve the fertility of sheep’s semen can have usage and importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the addition of laminarin, as an antioxidant supplement, to the diluter of sheep’s semen after freezing-defrosting. Semen samples from four mature sheep of the Sanjabi breed with a mean age of 3 – 4 years and confirmed fertility were collected using an artificial vagina, two times per week. The samples were transferred immediately to the lab in a diluted tris basic buffer, and laminarin with concentrations of 100, 200, 400, and 800 micrograms per milliliter was added to them. Sperm viability and motility, sperm membrane integrity, sperm abnormality, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity of the samples were assessed. Results showed that laminarin with a concentration of 800 micrograms per milliliter compared to the other treatment groups made an improvement in motility percentage, membrane integrity, and sperm viability. In addition, laminarin with a concentration of 800 micrograms per milliliter compared to the other treatment groups decreased abnormality percentage and apoptosis. Laminarin concentrations of 800 and 400 micrograms per milliliter decreased lipid peroxidation levels. Laminarin with a concentration of 800 micrograms per milliliter increased the activity of semen’s dismutase enzyme. Overall, it was shown that using laminarin with a concentration of 800 micrograms per milliliter will improve qualitative and quantitative parameters of Sanjabi sheep’s sperm after the process of freezing-defrosting.

   ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of chemical and medicinal herbs is one of the methods used today in the control of pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of root juice, hydroalcoholic extract and red radish seed oil by formalin test in male mice. methods: This study was performed on 42 mice weighing 25 to 30 g NMRI, which were randomly divided into 7 groups of 6, including control group, morphine group 10 mg / kg, radish seed oil group by rubbing, group Radish root water 30 ml / kg, and groups receiving hydroalcoholic extract of radish seeds were divided into doses (400, 200, 100 mg / kg). In this study, the effect of intraperitoneal injection of radish root juice and hydroalcoholic extract of radish seeds in the desired doses and also the effect of radish seed oil by rubbing, reducing pain using formalin test (20 ?l formalin 2.5%) for 1 hour One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to evaluate the results and all values ??with P less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In this study, it was found that all experimental groups were significantly different in both acute and chronic phases compared to the control group (p <0.001). But compared to the morphine group, they showed less analgesic effects and Only the groups receiving radish root juice and the dose of 400 radish seed extracts in the acute phase were not significantly different from the morphine group. Also, the lowest and highest analgesic effects among the experimental groups were rubbing oil group and dose of 400 hydroalcoholic extracts of radish seeds, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study, which was performed by formalin test, showed that root juice, hydroalcoholic extract and red radish seed oil in both acute and chronic phases probably have analgesic effects through central and peripheral mechanisms. Keyword : Radish seed extract, radish seed oil, formalin test, rat, pain

   House flies have cost the world dearly by transmitting more than 100 different pathogens to humans. In addition, they have been important economic pest in livestock and poultry production, which has affected the world agricultural economy by contamination livestock products and trasmitting variuos pathogens to them.As a result it forces affected communities to use pesticided extensively. Chemical control (by insecticides) is the most important method of controlling pests and vectors due to its immediate and rapid effect on the pest population and the property of controlling disease-carrying insects. Pest resistance to insecticides and residual toxins in nature poses undesirable risks. The essential oils and extracts of a number of plants have been identified and used to kill and repel insects, which due to their toxicity, systemicity, easy biodegradability and the nature of the effect on host metabolism, have the potential to manage insect and pests. In this study, the repellent and lethal effects of walnut, chamomile, yarrow and oak leaf essential oils on houseflies in natural and laboratory environments were investigated and it was found that walnut leaf essential oil used in the highest dose and time period has the highest lethality (96.6%)and to a lesser extent yarrow essential oil (80%), chamomile essential oil (56.6%) and finally the least effect belonged to oak leaf essential oil (36.6%). In the study of repellent performance of the mentioned plants on houseflies, in the highest dose of essential oil and the first time period used, the highest repellent effect (46.6%) belonged to yarrow essential oil and chamomile essential oils (30%), walnut leaves (16.6) And oak leaves (6.6%) were in the next ranks. In this study,different lethal and repellent results were obtained from different doses of each of the plant essential oils, which finally, due to their biocompatibility and minimal effects of human and animal poisoning, these essential oils can be used to kill and repel houseflies. Of course, they kill for a longer period of time than conventional chemical insecticides. I would like to note that with more accurate and continuous research, it is possible to find essential oils and plant extracts with higher lethal and repellent effects and to provide more conditions for their use in a suitable period of time. Keywords: Herbal Essential Oil, Houseflies, Insecticides, Kurdish Ethnic Medicine, Mortality, Repellency

Abstract Electrogastrography is a non-invasive method for recording signals of gastric control myoelectric activity. Electrogastrography has no side effects and is a painless study, so it can be used as a suitable diagnostic method especially for children. Of course, it is worth noting that for accurate diagnosis, additional information from other diagnostic methods will be useful. In this project, while receiving signals from 100 female students aged 18-16, we try to examine these signals with the help of FFT and detect the presence of tachygastria, bradygastria, dyspepsia and gastric ulcer in them. In this regard, the signals were obtained from the students in two modes, preprandial and postprandial. They were then transferred to the computer to be viewed in the graphic environment of Lab View software. After visual analysis, signals were processed and analyzed using MATLAB software. Six statistical features and two signal features were extracted for electrogastrograms. After smoothing, the signals were analyzed by Fourier transform. Finally, for >Among the subjects, 16 had tachygastria (4-9 cpm) in their preprandial electrogastrogram and 2 recorded signals at 15 cycles per minute. 21 subjects showed tachygastria in their postprandial electrogastrogram and two subjects had signals at 13 cycles per minute. 8 subjects had bradygastria (0.5-2 cpm) in their preprandial signals.This number increased in the study of postprandial signals and 16 subjects recorded signals less than 2 cycles per minute. Other subjects had signals in the normal range (2-4 cpm). Among the graphs obtained from the Naive Bayesian >   Key words: Electrogastrography, Fourier analysis, Kermanshah      

Abstract    The glycemic index describes the change in blood glucose levels after eating foods compared to a standard meal.There is a growing interest in low glycemic index products due to the prevalence of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, adding oak and oat products, which are rich in terms of secondary compounds, is recommended in to the food basket. Since bread is one of the main food sources in Iran and Due to the role of oak flour and oat on improving the glycemic index of bread and its effect on quality, The purpose of this study was to investigate the glycemic index and physicochemical properties of oak and oat bread. In this way, to determine the GI, 13 healthy and 7 diabetics person -individual consumed on separate occasions in separate case six bread types (bread containing 70% wheat flour and 30% oak flour, bread containing 80% wheat flour and 20% oak flour, bread containing 90% wheat flour and 10% oak flour, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 15% oak flour and 5% oat flour, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 10% oak flour and 10% oat flour and, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 5% oak flour and 15% oat flour ) and reference food (white bread) containing 50 g of carbohydrates.   The blood samples were collected Finger-prick fingertip at fasting (0 min) and at 60 and 120 min after meal consumption. In this study, types of breads were evaluated on the basis of physico-chemical properties.    There were significant differences in the Glycemic Index between the White bread by and bread types( bread containing 70% wheat flour and 30% oak flour: 89.51±5.264, bread containing 80% wheat flour and 20% oak flour:89.40±2.585, bread containing 90% wheat flour and 10% oak flour: 93.53±5.006, bread containing 80% wheat flour,15% oak flour and 5% oat flour: 88.51±3.024, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 10% oak flour and 10% oat flour:88.83±4.858 and bread containing 80% wheat flour, 5% oak flour and 15% oat flour:91.27±3.966) in healthy individuals subjects but there was no significant difference in diabetic patients.    The Glycemic index of the types bread tested on diabetics are listed below is as follows: (bread containing 70% wheat flour and 30% oak flour:98.6±3.091, bread containing 80% wheat flour and 20% oak flour: 99.39±2.978, bread containing 90% wheat flour and 10% oak flour:100.2±2.690, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 15% oak flour and 5% oat flour:97.16±4.526, bread containing 80% wheat flour, 10% oak flour and 10% oat flour: 98.44±2.542 and bread containing 80% wheat flour, 5% oak flour and 15% oat flour 99.14±3.764). The use of Using large amounts of oak and oat flour may impair the quality of the product. such as insufficient rise in of volume, relatively firmer texture, poor aroma and flavor and rapid staling.    Key words: Glycemic Index, Oak bread, Oak flour, Oat, diabet.   

The importance of medicinal plants and recognizing their vital role in advancing national, regional and global goals for achievinghealth, medicinal self-sufficiency, job creation and economic development is not hidden from anyone. Many people believe thatmost herbal supplements have no side effects because of their naturalness or their side effects are very mild. Although plantproducts are expected to have fewer chemical side effects than chemical compounds, it is a mistake to believe that plant productshave no side effects. Due to the fact that oak is one of the plants that in addition to nutritional properties, has therapeuticproperties, in the present study, the effects of oak and its husk aqueous extract on the liver function and lipid profile pattern inmale balb/c mice were investigated.In this regard, 19 male balb/c mice weighing approximately 12 - 00 g were prepared and kept in the animal room at 112C–122Cunder a 91-h light/dark cycle with food and water provided ad libitum. These animals were divided into 90 groups (n=2) asfollows: The first group: control group, had no treatment, the second group: was treated with a diet containing 931 oak; The thirdgroup: was treated with a diet containing 131 oak; The fourth group: was treated with a diet containing 031 oak; The fifthgroup:was treated with a diet containing 03 mg/l oak husks aqueous extract; The sixth group: was treated with a diet containing03 mg/l oak husks aqueous extract; The seventh group: positive control, was treated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-9001; The eighth group: was treated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with a diet containing 931 oak; The ninthgroup:was treated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with a diet containing 131 oak; The tenth group:was treatedwith intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with a diet containing 031 oak; The eleventh group: was treated withintraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with diet containing 03 mg/l oak husks aqueous extract; , The twelfth group: wastreated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated with diet containing 03 mg/l oak husks aqueous extract; The thirteenthgroup: was treated with intraperitoneal injection of Triton and 02 mg/kg fenofibrate.The treatment period with oak or oak husks aqueous extract or fenofibrate was 22 days. At the end of the treatments, the bloodsamples were prepared from the animals with cardiac puncture and serum was examined for biochemical analysis of liverenzymes and lipid profile.Then, the data obtained from the measurement of various parameters were analyzed by using GraphPad prism software and oneway analysis of variance and Tukey’s test.The results of this study showed that the amount of liver enzymes in the groups treated with oak and its husk aqueous extract hada significant increase compared to the control group. While in the groups under intraperitoneal injection of Triton and treated withoak and husk aqueous extract, the amount of liver enzymes was significantly reduced compared to the positive control group. Alsoaccording to the dose and concentration used in the groups, lipid profiles showed a significant decrease compared to the positivecontrol group in groups under injection with Triton and treated with oak and husk aqueous extract. The results of this study showthat the aqueous extract of oak husks can play a protective role in hyperlipidemic individuals according to the dose used andreduce liver enzymes and blood lipid profile, especially in the presence of hyperlipidemic agents, while in Normal people has littleeffect and can even have the adverse effects.Keywords:Oak, Oak husks aqueous extract, Fenofibrate, Balb / c mice, Triton WR-9001, Hyperlipidemia, Liver enzymes

  Chromium, as an unnecessary and toxic element in high concentrations, causes stress in plants and thus affects physiological and biochemical processes. The use of organic acids externally in stressful plants can increase growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chromium and organic acids malic and citric on the physiological and biochemical properties of hyperaccumulator plant, Isatis cappadocica. For this purpose, an experiment was designed in the form of a randomized factorial design with zero, 50, 150 and 450 ?M chromium concentrations and 250 ?M concentrations of malic and citric organic acids in hydroponic culture conditions. After the treatment period, samples were taken and growth parameters, plant pigment content, hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzymes, total protein, proline as well as the concentration of chromium, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus were measured in them. The results showed that increasing chromium treatment levels reduced growth parameters, photosynthetic pigmentation and also decreased uptake of potassium, calcium and phosphorus elements in the plant, but the content of hydrogen peroxide, soluble protein, proline, antioxidant enzyme activity and chromium uptake. And sodium increased under the influence of increased chromium concentration in the culture medium. On the other hand, malic and citric organic acids, by having a positive effect on the growth and absorption of plant elements, as well as increasing the antioxidant defense of the plant, increased the plant's resistance to stress caused by chromium toxicity in Isatis cappadocica. The most important effects of malic acid against chromium are increased root weight (150 micromolar chromium treatment) and 85% chromium peroxidase enzyme activity (50 micromolar treatment), reduced air chromium concentration (150 micromolar treatment). Chromium (53%), decreased sodium concentration in most treatments, 2-fold increase in root potassium concentration (150 micromolar chromium treatment), decreased calcium concentration as well as increased aerial phosphorus concentration (150 ?M chromium treatment) and plant root (50 ?M chromium treatment) 5 and 5.3 times, respectively, compared to the absence of malic acid. Citric acid, in contrast to chromium, increases the activity of glutathione S-transferase root (50 and 150 ?M chromium treatments) by 97 and 67%, reduces the concentration of heavy metal chromium in the aerial part of the plant (50 ?m chromolar treatment) by 50%, 2-fold increase in the concentration of sodium in the aerial part, 50% increase in the concentration of root potassium (treatment of 150 micrograms of chromium), 61% decrease in the concentration of calcium in the roots (treatment of 50 micrograms of chromium), increase in the concentration of phosphorus in the aerial part (treatment of 150 micrograms) (50 micromolar chromium), respectively, 5 and 4.8 times the absence of citric acid, respectively. In addition, the highest incremental effect of malic and citric organic acids on the parameters measured in the absence of chromium was observed on the concentration of root phosphorus and 13 and 18 times the control, respectively. Therefore, it seems that malic and citric organic acids, by influencing the growth and resistance parameters of Isatis cappadocica plant, played a key role in reducing the stress effects caused by 50 and 150 ?M chromium concentrations.

  Carbonic anhydrases (EC 4.2.1.1) are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3? and proton. These enzymes have different distribution in different tissues and subcellular locations, and found in the archaea, eubacteria, animals and plants.These enzymes contributed in vital physiological processes associated with respiration and transfer CO2, secretion of electrolytes in tissues and lungs, pH adjustment, homeostasis, biosynthetic reactions (such as gluconeogenes and lipogenes) and calcification. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a 20px;">Considering all the above data, it can be concluded that binding of 1-(4-chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid to human carbonic anhydrase II caused changes   in the function as well as in the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein. Keywords: 1-(4-chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, Human Carbonic Anhydrase II, Inhibition, Thermodynamic Stability, Kinetic Stability, Fluorescence, Quenching

  Due to the richness of the reptile fauna of the Kuhdasht and Rumshigan cities and the lack of precise bioassay studies, this research studies the maritime phonistic of this city in 1396-1397. A total of 30 specimens from different regions of the study were collected using the Margarine Wool and also using T-shaped long logs. After identification of the samples, the matrix and meristic traits of each sample were measured.

  چكيدهبيماري هاي عصبي از جمله تومورمغزي از علل شايع مرگ و مير هستند. داروهاي توليد شده در اين زمينه رو به افزايشاست ، اما به دليل ساختار ويژه سد خوني- مغزي، انتقال دارو به مغز با مشكل مواجهاست و يكي از مهم ترين چالش هاي پيش روي درمان بيماري هاي سيستم عصبي مركزي است.علي رغم تحقيقات مختلفي كه در زمينه انتقال دارو به مغز صورت گرفته ولي هنوز روشيكه به طور مطلوب و بدون عوارض جانبي و با هزينه كمتر بر اين مشكل غلبه كند ،شناخته نشده است ، در اين ميان شناسايي تركيبي كه بتواند بدون تخريب سدخوني مغزيو   با مهار موقت و برگشت پذير ABCtra  oter   هاي سدخوني مغزي موجبافزايش تجمع درون سلولي دارو در بافت هاي مغزي شود و يا تركيبي كه بتواند با سست كردنجزئي   پروتئين هاي دخيل در اتصالات محكم به صورت موقت به انتشارپاراسلولي دارو به مغز كمك كند مي تواند باعث تسهيل انتقال دارو به مغز شود. دراين راستا مطالعات درون رايانه اي با توجه به اينكه مي تواند مسير رسيدن به هدف راهموار سازد و از بين تركيبات مختلف بهترين تركيب را جهت مطالعات تجربي معرفي كردهو ميزان آزمون و خطاهاي آزمايشات تجربي را به حداقل برساند ، بسيار سودمند است. در اين مطالعه اتصالفيتوكانابينوئيدها و شبكه پروتئيني سدخوني- مغزي كه انتقال دارو به مغز را بامحدوديت مواجه مي كنند با استفاده از روش داكينگ مولكولي مورد بررسي قرار خواهدگرفت.

آتروزاسكلروزكه ناشي از رسوب ليپيدها در آندوتليوم سرخرگ‌هاي بزرگ و متوسط مي‌باشد، عامل بسياري از مرگ وميرها به شمار مي‌آيد.

مقدمه: مطالعه بر روي گياهان ضددرد از جمله گياهاني كه در طب سنتي به­عنوان گياهان ضددرد شناخته شده­اند مثل ميخك، سقز و سياهدانه در فيزيولوژي رفتار و درمان درد اهميت دارد.   درد دهاني- صورتي يكي از مشكلاتي است كه با صورت و دهان ارتباط دارد.   تبعات ناشي از درد دهاني- صورتي بر جنبه­هاي مختلف زندگي روزانه تأثيرگذار است. هدف: هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسي اثر روغن­هاي ميخك، سقز و سياهدانه بر درد اعصاب صورت در موش سوري نر بود. روش كار: در اين مطالعه تعداد 63 سر موش سوري آزمايشگاهي مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و حيوانات به 10 گروه كنترل، دريافت­كننده مورفين، وازلين، روغن ميخك+ وازلين، روغن سقز + وازلين، روغن سياهدانه + وازلين، روغن ميخك +روغن سياهدانه + وازلين، روغن ميخك +روغن سقز + وازلين، روغن سياهدانه + روغن سقز + وازلين و روغن ميخك +روغن سقز + روغن سياهدانه + وازلين تقسيم شدند.   در گروه مورفين، مورفين با دوز 10 ميلي­گرم بر كيلوگرم وزن به صورت   داخل صفاقي تزريق شد و براي تست درد، فرمالين 5/2 درصد به به حجم 10 ميكروليتر به ناحيه سمت راست لب بالاي موش تزريق شد. نتايج: داده­هاي اين پژوهش نشان داد كه روغن ميخك، روغن سقز، روغن سياهدانه (001/0    ) باعث كاهش معناداري در درد حاد مي شوند.   البته در درد مزمن اثر روغن سقز و سياهدانه(001/0    )چشم­گيرتر از روغن ميخك (05/0   (Pبود.   استفاده هم­زمان روغن ميخك و سقز اثرات متفاوتي را نشان داد به طوري كه در كاهش درد حاد اثر روغن ميخك و در كاهش درد مزمن اثر روغن سقز بارزتر بود.   استفاده هم­زمان روغن ميخك و سياهدانه تأثير معناداري در كاهش درد حاد و مزمن نشان ندادند.   و استفاده هم زمان روغن سقز و سياهدانه تأثير آن­ها در كاهش درد حاد كم­تر شد اما در كاهش درد مزمن اثر روغن سقز بارزتر بود.   و استفاده هم­زمان سه روغن با هم در درد حاد تأثير روغن ميخك و سياهدانه مشهود بود و در درد مزمن تأثير روغن سقز بيشتر نمود پيدا كرد. نتيجه گيري: نتايج اين پژوهش اثر ضد دردي و ضد التهابي فوق­العاده­ي روغن سقز در مقايسه با ساير روغن ها را در كاهش درد حاد و مزمن تأييد كرد كه اين اثر ضددردي را مي­توان به دليل بالا بودن ميزان توكوفرول در اين روغن دانست.   اين پژوهش هم­چنين تأثير فوق­العاده­ي روغن سياهدانه در كاهش درد مزمن را نيز تأييد كرد.   كلمات كليدي:   روغن ميخك، روغن سقز، روغن سياهدانه، درد اعصاب صورت، موش

In the present investigation, we analyzed the interaction of resorcinol and resveratrol and their sulfonamide derivatives with human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) using fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Fluorescence data obtaining at three temperatures indicated that resveratrol and its sulfonamide derivative quenched intrinsic fluorescence of the enzyme through a static mechanism but resorcinol and its sulfonamide derivative increased intrinsic fluorescence of the enzyme again through a static mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis of the quenching data indicated that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions play important roles in the ligand binding. Based on computational data obtained by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies, hydrogen bonds are the main intermolecular forces for the ligand-hCA II interactions. In comparison with resveratrol and resorcinol, their sulfonamide derivatives bind stronger to hCA II. According to an assay method basing on fluorometric measurements, the sulfonamide derivatives had a greater inhibitory effect than the original compounds.

The microbialcellulose which is produced by some strains of Gluconobacter isstructurally similar to plant cellulose. Based on this feature, the microbialcellulose has been used in medical and industrial productions as an importantraw material. Accordingly,in this study, the production of nanobiocellulose by Gluconobacter xylinum indifferent environmental conditions was investigated and predicted optimalconditions for the result. At first, the strain of bacteria was collected fromthe Iranian Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. Then, 3environmental determinants for the production of nanobiocellulose (grapevineextract, strawberry extract and fig extract) were considered as a carbon sourcewith ratios of 10, 20 and 30% at temperatures of 26, 30 and 37. Theexperimental design was based on Taguchi method and analyzed using Qulitek-4software. Based on the results, the best optimum conditions for the productionof nanobiocellulose were obtained from grape seedlings as a carbon source witha weight percent-weight ratio of 30% and a temperature of 26 ° C. Therefore,based on the observations made in this experiment, agricultural waste can beused as a substitute for the carbon source and produced a large amount ofnanobiocellulose.  Key words: Optimization, Nanobiocellulose, Gluconobacterxylinus  

  Background and objectives: Black cumin and its acting substance, timokinon, have many effects on our body, especially on hormon system ، thyroid disfunctions are among relatively common diseases around the world, Give the side effects of chemical drugs, present study was performed in order to examine the effects timokinon and hydro-alcoholic extraction of black cumin have on thyroid.Dysfunctions among mature male rats under both normal and induced hypothyroidism conditions.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 60 mature male rats were assigned to 10, 6-rat groups. Effects of 2 (200 and 400 mg/kg ) doses of hydro-alcoholic extraction of black cumin and 1( 10 mg/kg ) does of timokinon on thyroid hormones were examined. In addition, the effects of these 2 doses of black cumin extraction were both independently and in comparison with timokinon and 15 µg/ml levothyroxine( orally in drinking water ) were studied among vistar male rats with normal thyroids and with hypothyroidism induced by 5 mg propylthiouracil per 100 ml drinking water ( for 30 days, orally ). On day 47, blood samples were taken from all groups. Serum levels of thyroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay method . Results obtained from data were reported in the form of Mean ± SD .Findings: No significant diffences were observed between control groups receiving two 200, 400 mg/kg doses of hydro-alcoholic extraction of black cumin and timokinon and control groups receiving water and saline in terms of thyroid hormones. Treatment groups, which were treated by 200, 400 mg/kg black cumin exfraction, timokinon and levothyroxine for 17 days after becoming hypothyroidistic, showed a significant increase in serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine hormones in comparioson with hypothyroidistic groups( p < 0.05 ). In addition, in present study, some significant reductions were observed in the weigth, food consumed, water consumed and hematocrit in untreated hypothyroidistic groups compared to the control normal thyroid groups receiving 200, 400 mg/kg black cumin extraction and timokinon and compared to treatment groups which were treated by 200, 400 mg/kg black cumin extraction, timokinon and levothyroxine.Conclusions: Results showed that timokinon and hydro-alcoholic extraction of black cumin increase levels of thyroid hormones and decrease levels of TSH hormone.Keywords:Hydro-alcoholic black cumin extraction, Timokinon, Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, thyrotropin, propylthiouracil.