Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. Early complications, mortality, reduced life expectancy and financial costs of diabetes have made it a major public health condition. Increased blood sugar increases oxidative stress and, as a result, inflammation, activation of the polyol pathway and damage to various organs of the body, including the liver, which is the largest internal organ of the body. Therefore, liver disease is a common problem in these patients. Medicinal plants have numerous benefits, including their antioxidant properties, which are effective in reducing oxidative stress. In this study, 56 male rats will be used in eight groups of 7 to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of hawthorn and fassa on the treatment of diabetes, as well as its effect on liver tissue structure and blood parameters, with the following groups: control without receiving medication and treatment, diabetic control group receiving streptozotocin, and healthy group receiving hawthorn leaf extract at a dose of 80 mg/kg. Healthy group receiving 60 mg/kg of phasera leaf extract, diabetic group receiving 80 mg/kg of hawthorn extract, diabetic group receiving 60 mg/kg of phasera leaf extract, diabetic group receiving 80 mg/kg of phasera leaf extract and 60 mg/kg of phasera leaf, diabetic group receiving insulin. Diabetic groups will become diabetic by injecting 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin, while non-diabetic groups will receive the same volume of saline. And they were gavage for 4 weeks and the blood glucose of the mice was measured every week with a glucometer. After the end of 4 weeks, the mice were euthanized and their blood and tissue samples were taken for the necessary tests. Then, the data obtained from various measurements were analyzed using Graph pad prism software and one-way analysis of variance statistical test. The results showed that the combined consumption of hawthorn and bryonia extracts was able to significantly reduce blood glucose levels, which indicates the positive effect of the plant in controlling blood sugar. Although an increase in insulin levels was observed in the extract-receiving group, this increase was not statistically significant, indicating that the mechanism of blood sugar reduction may occur through pathways independent of the increase in insulin. Also, the combined extract had a positive effect on liver function, causing a significant decrease in the liver enzymes ALT and AST compared to the diabetic group, indicating the protective role of the extract on liver tissue and reducing damage caused by diabetes. Changes in the ALP enzyme were not statistically significant, but its decreasing trend may become important in longer studies. The hematocrit parameter also increased numerically in the treatment group, but this change was not significant. Malondialdehyde assays also showed that consumption of this extract was able to significantly reduce malondialdehyde levels, indicating the positive effect of the combined extract of hawthorn and Bryonia. However, these preliminary results could pave the way for further research in this field.  

   Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the fauna and distribution of lizards in northern Hamadan province by measuring morphological, metric and meristic traits using valid identification keys, which will result in the identification and investigation of the species in this region along with a map of the distribution of the samples. Research methodology: Initially, initial studies were conducted extensively on the northern region of Hamadan province and its possible lizard fauna, and the information and maps required for this work were prepared. During numerous trips to the study area, 120 lizard specimens were sampled from 10 different stations between Farvardin 1402 and Mordad 1403. After taking the sample, it was first photographed and the location of the animal's habitat, the date and time of sample collection, the ambient temperature, and other atmospheric conditions such as wind were recorded in a notebook. To identify lizards, the Iranian Reptile Identification Key was used, then after meristic and metric studies, the specimen was released in situ. Also, with the help of these traits and based on reliable identification keys, the families were first determined, then the genus and species of the specimens were identified. Findings: In this study, the species Laudakia caucasia and Trapelus lessonae: Rastegar-pouyani, 2000 and Eremias montanus and Trapelus agilis: Anderson, 1999 were introduced in Hamedan province for the first time. The species Trapelus lessonae: Rastegar-pouyani, 2000 and Eremias montanus Laudakia, caucasaia and Trapelus agilis: Anderson, 1999 and Lacerta media, Ophisops elegans and Ablepharus bivvitatus were identified from the city of Razan and from the city of Kabudarhang, Laudakia caucasia, Trapelus lessonae, Trapelus agilis and Ophisops elegans were also reported from the city of Famenin. The species Cyrtopodion scabrum was also observed in all three cities. Conclusion: From the Agamidae family, the genus Laudakia, the species L.caucasia, the genus Trapelus, the species T.lessonae and T.agilis, from the Lacertidae family, the genus Eremias, the species E.montanus, E.velox, and E.persica, Blanford, the genus Lacerta, the species L.media, the genus Ophisops, the species O.elegans, from the Scincidae family, the genus Ablepharus, the species A.bivvitstus, and from the Gekkonidae family, the genus Cyrtopodion, the species C.scabrum were observed. Keywords: Reptiles, Lizard, Fauna, North Hamadan, Razan.

 Quercetin and thymoquinone are important plant chemical compounds that have various antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects by inhibiting different signaling pathways and epigenetic changes. MiRNA are also a group of small non-coding RNAs that, by targeting different genes and affecting signaling pathways, play an important role in regulating gene expression and controlling breast cancer symptoms, and are used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The aim of this research is to investigate the simultaneous effect of quercetin and thymoquinone on the expression of TSG6, ANO9 genes and their targeting microarrays in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In this study, MCF-7 cells were cultured and propagated and then treated with different concentrations of quercetin and thymoquinone. After RNA and microarray extraction from cells and cDNA synthesis, using bioinformatics sites including TargetScan, miRBase and miRDB, target microarrays of studied genes were predicted. Also, by using the mentioned sites and the miRNet site, R and Cytoscape software, the best microarrays targeting these genes were predicted for future research. qRT-PCR method was used to quantitatively investigate the expression of genes and microarrays. The results showed that the treatment of MCF-7 cells simultaneously with thymoquinone and quercetin decreases TSG6 gene expression. When the concentration of quercetin or thymoquinone was kept constant, by increasing the concentration of the other substance, the gene expression approached the control group. It is possible that the reduction of TSG6 expression only at the concentration of 35 ?M thymoquinone and 50 ?M quercetin can be affected by hsa-miR-23a-3p, and at other concentrations, it is probably due to the involvement of other pathways and factors. It was also found that with the increase in the concentration of quercetin, the expression of the ANO9 gene decreased significantly at the concentration of 20 ?M thymoquinone, but at the concentration of 35 ?M, the expression of the gene was closer to the control group and also positive. Examining the effect of these two substances on the expression of has-miR-6789-3p, the target of this gene, revealed that increasing the concentration of thymoquinone and quercetin increased the expression, and low concentrations of these two substances decreased the expression of this microarray. It is possible that this microarray targets the ANO9 gene at the concentration of 20 ?M thymoquinone and 50 ?M quercetin. The data showed that the expression of has-miR-154-3p increased with

   Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, which can arise due to various factors including hormonal, genetic, and environmental changes. In this cancer, disruptions in signaling pathways or deficiencies in DNA repair pathways can lead to tumor growth and progression. Understanding the molecular biology of breast cancer assists in diagnosis, personalized treatment, and development of therapeutic strategies. One of the characteristics of most solid tumors is hypoxia. In general, cells respond to hypoxic conditions with different cellular and molecular reactions, which help to regulate metabolism, energy production and cells under hypoxic conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial roles in biological mechanisms such as apoptosis, cellular differentiation, proliferation, and responses to stressors including hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, certain miRNAs can function as either repressors or activators of gene expression. In laboratory studies. cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is used to induce hypoxic conditions in cells. we investigated the effect of hypoxia induced by cobalt chloride (II) on the expression of ANO9, SIRT1, and PLK4 genes as well as their target miRNAs in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Initially, using various bioinformatics tools such as TargetScan, miRDB, and miRBase, target miRNAs for the receptor genes of interest were evaluated based on scoring, binding site suitability, and overlap with other software. Ultimately, hsa-miR-6789-3p, hsa-miR-154-3p, and hsa-miR-3065-5p were selected as the target miRNAs for the ANO9, SIRT1, and PLK4 genes, respectively. Additionally, the MCF7 breast cancer cell line was cultured under appropriate conditions, after which treated with cobalt chloride (II) at concentrations of 75, 150 and 200 µM. After RNA and miRNA extraction, cDNA was synthesized from the samples. Finally, Real-time PCR was used to examine changes in the expression of the genes and their target miRNAs. Subsequently, the results were analyzed using the Livak method and GraphPad Prism software. The findings revealed that the expression of the ANO9 gene significantly increased at all three concentrations, with the most pronounced increase observed at 150 µM cobalt chloride (II) compared to 75 and 200 µM concentrations. Conversely, the expression of hsa-miR-6789-3p, the target miRNA for the ANO9 gene, decreased with increasing concentrations of cobalt chloride (II). Analysis of SIRT1 gene expression showed a significant initial increase with cobalt chloride (II) concentrations rising from 75 to 150 µM, followed by a relative decrease at 150 µM and a significant reduction at 200 micromolar. In contrast, the expression of hsa-miR-154-3p revealed a significant increase at both 150 and 200 µM concentrations. Additionally, hsa-miR-3065-5p decreased with increasing concentrations of cobalt chloride (II). Notably, the expression of the PLK4 gene, the target gene for hsa-miR-3065-5p, was excluded due to a lack of specificity in binding and suboptimal results.   

     Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, influenced by various factors including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. These factors can induce changes in cellular pathways, leading to increased growth and proliferation of cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules involved in gene regulation and cellular function. In breast cancer, alterations in miRNA expression can play a significant role in the initiation and progression of the disease. Their roles include regulating the expression of key genes, modulating cellular pathways, influencing treatment resistance, and affecting tumor size and composition. Investigating the role of miRNAs in cellular processes and their expression patterns can enhance our understanding of breast cancer and aid in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Hypoxia, or oxygen deficiency, is a crucial feature of the tumor microenvironment that can impact tumor growth, progression, and response to treatment. Cobalt chloride II (CoCl2) serves as an artificial hypoxia model in cellular and cancer research. In this study, the effect of CoCl2-induced hypoxia on the expression of genes such as TSG6, IDO1, and TEX10, as well as their targeted miRNAs in breast cancer cells, was examined. Using bioinformatics tools such as Targetscan, miRDB, and miRBase, the binding sites, scoring, and overlap of hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-6728-3p, and hsa-miR-576-3p were analyzed, identifying them as target miRNAs for TSG6, IDO1, and TEX10, respectively. In the experimental phase, MCF7 breast cancer cells were treated with CoCl2 at concentrations of 75, 150, and 200 ?M for 24 hours. Following treatment, RNA and miRNA were extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. Gene and miRNA expression changes were then assessed using Real-time PCR. Data analysis revealed that TSG6 expression increased at 75 and 150 ?M concentrations, with a significant increase observed only at 75 ?M compared to the control, suggesting that some gene responses may be concentration-dependent. The expression of miR-23a-3p, the target miRNA for TSG6, decreased at all concentrations, with a significant reduction observed only at 150 ?M. Additionally, hsa-miR-6728-3p and hsa-miR-576-3p also showed reduced expression at all concentrations, with significant decreases at 150 and 200 ?M for hsa-miR-6728-3p and at 150 ?M for hsa-miR-576-3p. It is worth noting that the genes targeted by these miRNAs, IDO1 and TEX10, were excluded due to unsatisfactory results and non-specific bands. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that CoCl2-induced hypoxia can have varied effects on gene and miRNA expression in breast cancer cells. These findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of cellular processes in breast cancer and aid in the development of more effective treatment approaches.   

  lants are subjected to stresses during their life cycle, and drought is one of the most important of these stresses. Drought stress affects growth and development and metabolic activities. Silicon improves the tolerance of plants to drought stress by increasing water absorption through the roots and increasing nutrients and reducing the rate of tra  iration. Various types of silicon and nano silicon have been investigated and compared in improving the resistance of this plant to drought stress.The results obtained by silicon increases the tolerance of plants against various stresses, including drought stress. The use of silicon in the conditions of drought stress led to an increase in the fresh and dry weight of the stem. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of silicon and silicon nanoparticles on some physiological and biochemical parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare) of Sarroud cultivar under drought stress. Nanoparticles interact with plant cells and depending on the properties of nanoparticles, they cause many morphological and physiological changes in plants.Nanosilicon is an important metal oxide among different types of nanoparticles, which has characteristics such as reactivity and a high surface-to-volume ratio, easily penetrating the plant. Therefore, nanosilicon, due to its direct and indirect effect on plants, improves the plant's mineral nutrition, increases Plant resistance or detoxification against oxygen free radicals increases plant growth and development in drought stress conditions. According to the results of analysis of variance and comparison of averages, it was observed that drought stress reduced vegetative growth in each barley plant. By examining the wet weight of the upper part of the soil and roots, the effect of drought stress on the wet weight of the upper part of the soil and roots was significant, but no significant difference was observed due to the effect of drought stress.With the passage of time, the barley plant shows a tendency to decrease in terms of wet weight in response to increasing levels of dry treatment, so application on the fourteenth day shows the lowest wet weight and the control day shows the highest wet weight. The measurement results regarding the dry weight of the upper part of the soil and the root show that the effect of drought stress on the dry weight of the root and the upper part of the soil is significantly different. In addition, the examination of changes in chlorophyll a and b proteins under drought stress conditions showed that the effect of drought stress on these characteristics is significant and causes a decrease in protein and chlorophyll in barley plants.

SOX2, HIF-1a, HDAC1, and c-MET genes. And lncRNA-H19 and Casp-3 were prepared in MCF-7 cell line at different time intervals and cultured in optimal laboratory conditions. The results of the MTT test showed that increasing the concentration in the treatment with cobalt II chloride, sodium butyrate, and the combination of these two together, significantly decreases the survival of MCF-7 cells. Also, using the NBT test, it was proved that the amount of ROS accumulated in the cell increased with the increase in concentration in all three treatments. While, with the passage of time, the graph of ROS accumulation decreased significantly. Evaluation of migration was done with different concentrations of both compounds and a mixture of them. The results showed that the treatment with cobalt II chloride increased the migration of cells compared to the control group. In the treatment group with sodium butyrate, a decrease in migration was observed compared to the control group. In addition, in the mixed treatment of both compounds, a decrease in migration was observed compared to the control group. In order to investigate the cell cycle using flow cytometry technique, they were treated with cobalt II chloride and sodium butyrate and a combination of both. The results showed that cobalt chloride II led to the aggregation of cells in the G2/M phase, the cells treated with sodium butyrate aggregated in the G2/M phase and the group treated with a higher concentration of sodium butyrate aggregated in the G0/G1 phase. In the combined treatment of both compounds, the population of cells was often arrested in the G2/M phase. Also, the effect of treatment with sodium butyrate cobalt chloride II and a mixture of both compounds was measured by Real-time PCR technique to investigate the expression of, HIF-1?, HDAC, c-MET and lncRNA-H19 genes. In the treatment with cobalt II chloride, the expression level of c-MET and HDAC genes decreased, and the expression of HIF-1? and H19 genes increased compared to the control group. In the treatment with sodium butyrate, the expression of HDAC gene decreased and the expression of HIF-1?, H19, c-MET genes increased compared to the control group. In the treatment group with a mixture of two compounds, the expression of HDAC and c-MET genes decreased and HIF-1? and H19

   Abstract    Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and one of the main causes of cancer death in the world. Colon cancer begins at the colon (the end of the digestive system) and usually affects the elderly, although it can occur at any age. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACis) such as sodium butyrate inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis in CRC. On the other hand, the concentration of oxygen in the tissue is one of the most important factors in determining the behavior and function of the tissues. Oxygen deficiency or hypoxia can induce some factors in the development of cancer. Cobalt II chloride induces hypoxia by stimulating Hif1-? expression. Despite the previous studies in the field of investigating the effect of sodium butyrate and cobalt chloride II on the cellular and molecular characteristics of colorectal cancer cells, but no study has been conducted on the simultaneous effect of these two compounds and as a result of inhibition of histone deacetylase enzyme and hypoxia on colorectal cancer cells. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate their simultaneous effect on cellular and molecular characteristics of a rat colon cancer cell line called CT-26. CT-26 cells line was cultured in suitable laboratory conditions and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). This study aims to investigate the effect of different concentrations of cobalt II chloride, sodium butyrate and a mixture of both on survival, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, antioxidant capacity, cell migration and expression of Hif-1a, Hdac1, Casp-3, C-met, Oct-4 and lncRNA-H19 genes. Then were prepared in CT-26 cell line at different time. The results of the MTT assay showed that in the period of 24, 48 and 72 hours, the percentage of cell viability decreases depending on the time. Also, with NBT assay, it was found that the amount of ROS production increased in all three treatments and with the passage of time, the ROS accumulation graph decreased significantly. The evaluation of cell migration test with different concentrations of both compounds and a mixture of them showed that cells migration increased in cobalt chloride II treatment within 24 hours. But after 48 hours, it decreased to an insignificant amount. While the cell treatment with sodium butyrate and the mixture concentrations in both 24 and 48 hours led to a decrease in cell migration. In order to investigate the cell cycle using flow cytometry technique, they were treated with cobalt II chloride and sodium butyrate and a combination of both. Treatment of cells with cobalt chloride led to accumulation of cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle. While the treatment of cells with 0.1 and 0.2 millimolar sodium butyrate respectively led to the accumulation of cells in the G2/M and G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle. In the mixed treatment, the population of cells was often stopped in the G2/M phase. The results obtained from the analysis of gene expression by real-time PCR method with cobalt chloride II treatment compared to the control group, no significant expression changes were observed in the expression of genes (Oct-4, c-Met, Casp-3, Hdac1, Hif1-?, lncRNA H19). However, in the treatment group with sodium butyrate, the expression of c-Met gene increased by 7.81% and the expression of Hdac1 gene decreased by -4.99%. Also, in mixed treatment, the Hdac1 gene expression decreased by -22.62% and a significant increase of 1.67% was reported in Oct-4 gene.   In this study, it was reported that the treatment of CT-26 cells with cobalt chloride II, sodium butyrate and mixed treatment with specific concentrations, it leads to reduction or stoppage of cell growth, reduction of cell migration and changes in gene expression. Keywords

  Nowadays, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a suitable therapeutic method to treat many disorders is increasing and becoming a popular research topic. due to their unique feature in migration, proliferation, differentiation, and immune-modulatory activities These cells have become one of the most used stem cells in recent decades. One of the reasons for the well-received of these cells is their ability to treat immune disorders and repair damaged tissues. In vitro Treating cells with various chemical compounds that seem to be able to amplify the unique feature of mesenchymal stem cells can be a useful approach for the furtherance of medical science. Epigenetics and hypoxia induction play a significant role in guiding mesenchymal stem cells. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate as a compound that causes epigenetic changes (histone deacetylase inhibitor), cobalt II chloride as a hypoxia inducing compound, and also the mixture of these two compounds on the ability to survive, proliferation, migration and immune regulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells with the In vitro conditions. many studies have been done on the effect of these compounds on other different cells. But so far, no study has been done as this study was conducted on the effect of these two compounds and their mixture on human mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of sodium butyrate, cobalt II chloride, and the mixture of these two compounds on the survival, proliferation, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of MSCs were measured respectively by MTT, trypan blue, and NBT tests. Further, the effect of these compounds on the cell cycle, cell migration, and the expression of the studied genes were also investigated respectively by flow cytometry, wound healing, and RT-PCR tests. It was observed that sodium butyrate, cobalt II chloride, and the mixture of the two compounds reduce cell survival and increase the level of ROS in mesenchymal stem cells. It was also observed that sodium butyrate stops the cell cycle in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, cobalt II chloride stops it in the G0/G1 phase and the mixture of the two substances stops the cell cycle in the G2/M and G0/G1 phases. In the following, it was observed that cobalt II chloride has an increasing effect on the migration ability of mesenchymal stem cells, but sodium butyrate and the mixture of these two compounds do not have such an effect. Due to the multiple effects that these compounds have on MSCs. The effect of these compounds was investigated at the molecular level and the expression of TLR3, H19, HIF1?, c-MET, HDAC1, and SOX2 genes was measured under the influence of optimal concentrations of these substances. It was seen that the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells with cobalt (II) chloride increases the expression of TLR3 and H19 genes and decreases the expression of c-MET gene. Also, in the treatment of these cells with sodium butyrate, it was seen that this substance increases the expression of TLR3, H19 and HIF1? genes and decreases the expression of c-MET gene. In the following of this study, it was seen that the treatment of these cells with a mixture of two substances increases the expression of TLR3 and H19 genes and decreases the expression of the c-MET and HIF1? genes. In total, this study shows that all three compounds increase the immune-modulatory property of MSCs, and cobalt (II) chloride plays a significant role in enhancing the migration ability of mesenchymal stem cells.

   Cancer cells consume large amounts of glucose due to their excessive proliferation. Tumors have a high rate of glycolytic pathway which leads to an increase in lactate concentration. The tumor microenvironment contains two types of cancer cells: glycolytic and oxidative cells. Glycolytic cells produce lactate, which is taken up by oxidative cells and converted into pyruvate for use in the Krebs cycle. This forms a metabolic symbiosis between the two cell types. The family of monocarboxylate tra  orters (MCTs) consists of 14 members, with MCT1-4 being proton-coupled tra  orters that can tra  ort short-chain monocarboxylates like lactate and pyruvate across the cell membrane. Cancer cells have high levels of MCT1 and MCT4 expression. MCT1 facilitates lactate influx into oxidative cells, whereas MCT4 is predominantly found in glycolytic cells. Overexpression of these tra  orters has been associated with various malignancies, such as breast, stomach, lymphoma, brain, lung, skin, and soft tissue cancers, making them attractive targets for anticancer drug discovery. By inhibiting MCT1, it is possible to stop oxidative cells from consuming lactate, which will then force them to take up glucose. This process will reduce glucose availability to glycolytic cells and eventually lead to cell death. For this research, we used structure-based virtual screening techniques to discover small chemical compounds capable of inhibiting monocarboxylate tra  orter 1. The atomic coordinates of the protein in the open-inward conformation were obtained from the protein database with the code 7CKO. We utilized a library of chemical compounds which included 12 million molecules that are available for purchase from the ZINC database. Additionally, we included 4683 drugs that have been approved by the FDA. Following library preparation, we utilized a consensus approach by performing molecular docking with AutoDock Vina, Molegro Virtual Docker, and DOCK programs. The ligands possessing high binding energy were subjected to further analysis to determine their interaction with the crucial residues in the protein's binding site. Compounds that showed promising results were subjected to molecular dynamics analysis, including RMSD, RMSF calculations, and analysis of ligand-protein interactions. Based on the findings, it was discovered that enacidnib, an oral medication used to treat acute myeloid leukemia, can create strong binding with important residues such as Tyr 34, Lys 38, and Ser 154 found in the lactate binding site. As a result, it has the potential to effectively inhibit the targeted protein.

Mesenchymal stem cells are cells with special abilities such as pluripotency, high proliferative power, self-renewal, differentiation, escape from the immune system, etc. and are obtained from many sources and at all ages. The increasing applications of these cells in various fields such as cell therapy, personalized medicine, regenerative medicine and drug delivery show the high potential of these cells for clinical use. Due to the high importance of mesenchymal stem cells, it is very important to identify factors and conditions affecting their characteristics. Examining the interaction and effects of nanomaterials on these cells is of particular importance due to the high potential of both fields and the need for research and studies in this field. Nanotechnologies are developing rapidly due to the unique and key properties of nanomaterials. Manganese dioxide nanoparticles are considered one of the most attractive nanoparticles in research due to their excellent physicochemical properties, electrochemical stability, high surface area and abundance of resources, nanozyme activity, etc. These nanoparticles are used to eliminate the hypoxic conditions of the cancer microenvironment, increase the contrast in imaging methods such as MRI, drug delivery, etc. Therefore, investigating the effect of manganese dioxide nanoparticles on the characteristics and functions of MSC cells creates an attractive research field. In addition, by making surface changes in MnO2 nanoparticles, its properties and functions can be improved. There are several strategies to improve the performance and properties of nanoparticles. Surface modification by connecting different agents is one of the appropriate strategies to improve the performance and properties of nanoparticles. Amino acids are suitable candidates for coating nanoparticles due to having different functional groups and multiple roles in organisms. Also, there are not enough studies on the effect of chirality of surface agents on the properties of nanoparticles. In this research, MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and then functionalized by right-rounded and left-rounded forms of alanine. Then, to ensure the accuracy of the synthesis and binding of alanine forms, FT-IR, UV-VIS, DLS, zeta potential, EDX and SEM analyzes were performed, which indicated the proper synthesis of MnO2 and the binding of L and D forms of alanine to these nanoparticles. hTER-MSC cells were obtained from Ferdowsi University (Dr. Ahmadreza Bahrami's laboratory). Then, with the help of MTT, LDH, trypan blue, NBT, PI-flow cytometry tests, wound healing in the laboratory and gene expression investigation, the effect of these nanoparticles on survival, cytotoxicity, proliferation, pro/antioxidant, cell cycle arrest and gene expression, respectively Involved in these characteristics and fundamentality, immune regulation and lncRNA of MSC cells were investigated.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important properties such as, self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, migration, proliferation, differentiation and immune regulation. The use of natural compounds in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, is very important. Among these compounds, we can mention flavonoids, which are abundantly found in fruits and vegetables. Considering the characteristics and capabilities of MSC cells in cell therapy, as well as the importance of using herbal compounds and new methods in the treatment of diseases, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of quercetin and cobalt (II) chloride on cell lines. To carry out this study, human mesenchymal stem cell lines were prepared and cultured in appropriate laboratory conditions. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of quercetin and cobalt chloride (II) on the survival of mesenchymal stem cells, MTT test is used in different time intervals. After that cells were treated with appropriate concentration of these compounds and the effect of this treatment on cell cycle and cell migration was evaluated. Also, the simultaneous effect of quercetin and cobalt chloride (II) on the expression of genes (Sox2, H19, Cas-3, c-Met, GAPDH, TLR3 and HIF-a) is investigated. The results showed that quercetin in high concentrations leads to an increase the number of cells by inducing the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Also, the results of the NBT test indicated that quercetin causes free oxygen radicals in MSC cells in a time-dependent manner. This substance in concentrations induces cell migration. Also, the results of Real-time PCR analysis showed that the concentration of 80 µM of this substance causes the expression of TLR3 gene. During the treatment with cobalt chloride, the results showed that the concentration of 800 ?M significantly decreased the survival and proliferation of cells. For this purpose, in order to investigate the effects of this substance on the cell cycle, migration and gene expression, lower concentrations were used, and the flow cytometry results indicate the inhibitory effect of this substance on the cell cycle and stop cell proliferation. Also, the results of Real-time PCR analysis showed that at a concentration of 150 µM, this substance induces the expression of TLR3 and HIF-a genes. Quercetin without changing the basic characteristics of cells is known as a useful substance to enhance the proliferation and maintain the integrity of stem cells.   

سرطان پستان شايع ترين نوع سرطان و دومين عامل مرگ و مير در زنان است. عوامل موثر بر سرطان پستان شامل عوامل محيطي و ژنتيكي مي باشد. براي درمان اين بيماري از روش جراحي، پرتو درماني وشيمي درماني استفاده مي شود.   اما هركدام از اين روش ها با عوارض و محدوديت هايي نظير سركوب سيستم ايمني كارديوميوپاتي و افزايش احتمال ابتلا به سرطان اندومتر، مقاومت دارويي و عود مجدد بيماري مواجه هستند، به همين دليل امروزه به دنبال روش هاي درماني جايگزين هستند كه استفاده از تركيبات گياهي و فيتوكميكال از جمله روش هاي موثر در درمان سرطان است كه به تنهايي يا به صورت تركيبي با روش هاي درماني قديمي تر يعني شيمي درماني و پرتودرماني استفاده مي شود. ميوه ي انگور حاوي تركيبات فيتوكميكال است و با توجه به اينكه ميزان غلظت تركيبات فنولي و خاصيت آنتي اكسيداني هسته ي انگور نسبت به ديگر اجزاي انگور بيشتر است، از عصاره ي هسته ي انگور (GSE) در اين پژوهش استفاده شد. همچنين پژوهش هاي پيشين حاكي از آن بود كه انگور شاهاني ملاير نسبت به انگور عسگري تاثير ضدسرطاني بيشتري دارد، بنابراين در اين پژوهش از هسته ي انگور شاهاني ملاير استفاده شد. در اين مطالعه عصاره گيري هسته ي انگور به كمك اتانول انجام گرفت. سپس سلول هاي MCF-7 در پليت 96 خانه كشت داده شد و با غلظت 10، 25، 50 و 100 ميكروگرم بر ميلي ليتر از GSE به مدت 24، 48 و 72 ساعت مورد تيمار قرار گرفت و در ادامه با روش تريپان بلو و تست MTT تاثير اين غلظت ها بر تكثير رده ي سلولي MCF-7 سنجيده شد. براي بررسي سيكل سلولي از روش فلوسايتومتري استفاده شد و در نهايت به كمك روش Real-Time PCR، تاثير غلظت هاي 50 و 100 ميكروگرم بر ميلي ليتر بر بيان ژن P53 مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت. تجزيه و تحليل داده ها نيزبه كمك نرم افزار SPSS، tseuQllec، LinReg PCR، REST 2009 sofware انجام گرفت. نتايج حاصل از اين پژوهش نشان داد كه غلظت هاي 50 و 100 ميكرو گرم بر ميلي ليتر GSE بيشترين تاثير را بر تكثير رده ي سلولي MCF-7 دارد، همچنين GSE شاهاني ملاير به صورت وابسته به زمان و غلظت، سبب توقف سيكل سلولي در فاز G0/G1 و القاي آپوپتوز به كمك افزايش بيان P53 مي شود و غلظت 100 ميكروگرم بر ميلي ليتر GSE بيشترين تاثير را در القاي آپوپتوز به همراه دارد.

Abstract    Today, infertility is considered one of the most important problems in men, in such a way that clinical and epidemiological evidence has confirmed the increase in infertility in men. Several factors such as ionizing rays, magnetic fields, smoking, and some drugs lead to an increase in infertility in men. On the other hand, due to the effectiveness of some herbal medicines and chemical compounds in increasing male fertility, extensive research has been done to discover biologically active substances that can overcome the problem of male infertility. Also, due to the wide applications of stem cells, especially spermatogonial sperm cells (SSCs), and the use of natural substances, it has provided new hope for the treatment of many human diseases, especially infertility and maintaining fertility in men. vitamin C, due to the glutathione enzyme dependent on dehydroascorbic acid reductase, keeps the amount of vitamin C in the testicular tissue at a high level, in increasing the activity of sperm movement, increasing the quality Semen and fertility of rats play an important role, also Eugenol is a phenolic compound derived from clove extract, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects, Few studies have been done on the effect of these two compounds on SSCs. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim of studying the effect of vitamin C and eugenol treatment on fertility and the expression of genes involved in self-renewal (Plzf, Sox2) and differentiation (Dazl) of spermatogenic stem cells in rats. For this purpose, after treating the animals, their testicular tissue was separated. The expression patterns of different molecular markers in the testis were investigated using RT-PCR methods and histomorphological analyses of the testis tissue and the counting of its spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids.The results of this study showed an increase in the number of spermatogonial, spermatocytes, and spermatids cells in testicular tissue. In addition, it was found that the genes involved in self-renewal (Plzf, Sox2) and differentiation (Dazl) are expressed at the transcript level. Also, this study indicated that the use of eugenol alone had a greater effect than its treatment with other compounds, in addition, it was determined that vitamin C in the body according to the environmental conditions of the cell and the presence of free transition metals such as copper and iron. In addition to its antioxidant properties, it can also have a pro-oxidant effect.Overal, this study has presented a new perspective on the effect of natural substances and antioxidants on the expression pattern of molecular markers in SSCs and the increase in the number of sperm progenitor cells in rat testicular tissue.  Keywords: Treatment, Vitamin C, Eugenol, Self-renewality, Differentiation, Spermatogonial stem cells, Rat, Fertility  

Abstract Diabetes is a multifactorial, chronic and progressive metabolic disorder characterized by chronic elevation of blood sugar caused by defects in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a drug used to reduce pain, fever or inflammation. Aspirin is used long-term to help prevent more heart attacks, ischemic strokes, and blood clots in people at risk. Due to the fact that no study has been conducted on the effect of aspirin on diabetes and its related pathways, the present study aims to investigate the effect of aspirin on the expression of genes involved in the development of pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of transmission. Glucose was measured in pancreatic and liver tissues of alloxan-induced diabetes rats. The present study was conducted on 24 adult male Wistar rats. These animals were divided into 3 groups of 8 including control (non-diabetic), alloxan-treated diabetic rats, and aspirin-treated diabetic rats. In order to investigate the effect of aspirin, changes in weight, blood sugar and expression of candidate genes including Ins1/2, Insr, Glut1, Glut2, Pdx1, and Tnfa were performed in liver and pancreas. The results of the present study showed that the administration of aspirin caused a decrease in blood sugar and weight in the treatment groups compared to the diabetic group. In addition, the relative expression of genes in the liver tissue has decreased in the comparison of the group receiving aspirin and the diabetic group, and this decrease in expression has occurred in a significant way in all genes. In the pancreatic tissue, comparing the diabetic group with the aspirin receiving group, the expression changes related to Pdx1and Ins1/2 are increased and the changes shown are significant. Also, the expression changes related to Insr and Tnfa decreased, although the decrease shown is not significant. In general, it was shown that the administration of aspirin can have an effect on various cell pathways and signaling involved in diabetes, in addition to affecting weight and blood sugar. In fact, the administration of aspirin has increased insulin expression by reducing inflammatory factors and positive effects on pancreatic tissue. Also, the administration of aspirin reduced insulin resistance caused by the Insr gene and modulated the expression of Glut genes. Key words: diabetes, aspirin, gene expression, pancreas, liver   

   Natural products, including herbal formulas and extracts, have been used to treat human diseases for thousands of years, serving as valuable resources for treating diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of eugenol and ascorbic acid on the expression of genes involved in the regulation and tra  ort of glucose in diabetic rats treated with alloxan. To carry out this study, first after preparing the rats, keeping them and adapting them to the environmental conditions, the target groups were made diabetic by injecting 180 mg/kg body weight of the chemical substance alloxan and after making sure that they had diabetes; treatment with gavage of 10 mg/kg of body weight of eugenol and injection of 100 mg/kg of body weight of ascorbic acid to the target groups continued for 45 days. In the next step, the rats were anaesthetized, and after dissection, their liver and pancreas tissues were separated. After quick freezing with liquid nitrogen, they were placed in a -80 degree refrigerator. In the continuation of the work, RNA was isolated from all liver and pancreas tissues and cDNA synthesis was performed for all treatment and control samples. Then the expression of genes in pancreatic and liver tissue was checked using the Real-time PCR method. The results showed that the expression of Ins1/2, InsR, Glut2, and Pdx1 genes in the pancreatic tissue of treated rats increased significantly (P ? 0.05) compared to the diabetic control group, and the expression of Tnf? gene in the pancreatic tissue compared to the control group Diabetic showed a significant decrease in expression. In addition, in the liver tissue of the treated group, the expression of Glut1 and Glut2 genes significantly decreased compared to the diabetic and non-diabetic control groups, the expression of Tnf? gene compared to the diabetic control group without significant change, and increased compared to the non-diabetic control group, the expression of InsR gene showed no significant change compared to the diabetic control group and a significant decrease compared to the non-diabetic control group. Therefore, investigating the simultaneous effect of eugenol and ascorbic acid on the expression of genes involved in the regulation and tra  ort of glucose in diabetic rats showed that these natural products have an effect on blood sugar levels and also the antidiabetic capacity of the samples Treated with these products compared to tissue samples of diabetic control, they showed a significant increase in expression and a decrease in expression compared to non-diabetic control. Keywords: eugenol, ascorbic acid, rats, diabetes, glucose tra  ort

  In pharmacy, drug delivery is an essential part of drug production. Nanotechnology has emerged as a new approach to drug delivery. Radiopharmaceuticals, or radiopharmaceuticals, are a group of drug compounds that contain radioactive isotopes. In this research, magnetite nanoparticles with solution of iron (III) and iron (II) were prepared by precipitation method and then the surface of these nanoparticles was modified using thioglycolic acid at 37 ° C in aqueous medium. Then, 67 functionalized particles were labeled with gallium chloride solution. The results of TEM imaging showed that the average size of nanoparticles is 20 nm, which is a suitable size for biological applications. The stability of labeled nanoparticles was investigated using thin layer chromatography in normal saline medium and the results showed that 98% of labeled nanoparticles are stable. After determining the structure and characteristics of these nanoparticles, these modified particles were injected into rats and the type of adsorption and excretion in this biological structure was investigated. The complete circulation of these nanoparticles in the body began with entry into the liver and excretion through the kidneys and urinary system. The results showed that the prepared nanoparticles are fully compatible and stable, which makes it a suitable option for clinical diagnostic methods. Comparison of the results showed that the surface modification of nanoparticles completely changes their absorption and excretion behavior because of the new surface activating agent, namely thioglycolic, which has been used in this study.

Western Iran in general and Ilam province in particular, have a unique geography and climatic conditions that support a rich fauna. Ilam province is more or less forested and the Zagros mountain range stretches along it, which has caused a geographical barrier and diverse climate in the province, so that in the north of the province, temperate mountainous climate and in the south, which has been the focus of our studies in this region. The weather is hot and dry. Due to the lack of detailed studies on lizards of the Lacertidae family in this region, research was conducted in most areas of Ilam province on the species of this family and their habitats. In this study, four species of Lasertidae lizards including Acanthodactylus boskianus, Apathya cappadocica, Mesalina brevirostris and Ophisops elegans were identified and collected. It was found that Ophisops elegan species is present in all habitats of the province.  

Over the past three decades, the increase in the number of people with diabetes has made it one of the most important challenges to all nations. The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly following lifestyle changes. Type2 diabetes mellitus is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by the interaction between multiple genetic loci and various environmental factors. Differences in the risk of developing type2 diabetes between different ethnic groups indicate the influence of genetic predisposition to developing it. The OPRM1 gene encodes the mu-opioid receptor, which is the major target for both endogenous and exogenous opioids in the pain relief process. Several studies examining the association between type2 diabetes and the 6q24-q27 region have suggested a role for the OPRM1 gene, based on its chromosomal location, in the risk of developing the disease. Another research suggests that the mu-opioid receptor may modulate genes involved in glucose metabolism, leading to lower plasma glucose levels. The most common single nucleotide polymorphism (  ) in the coding region of the human OPRM1 gene is the A118G variant, which results from the replacement of adenine with a guanine. This variant has been reported to alter both endogenous ligand (?-endorphin) binding and receptor signalling following this binding. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of A118G polymorphism in the OPRM1 gene with type2 diabetes mellitus because according to the above, the study of the gene polymorphisms can provide a new strategy for the prognosis of the disease and improvement of treatment strategies. In this study, 207 diabetic and 201 non-diabetic individuals (as controls) were selected and blood samples were taken from these individuals. Blood samples were used to extract DNA. The extracted DNA was used for PCR reaction to analyze for polymorphism using primers pre-designed by Primer1 online software, and then the PCR product was used for sequencing studies. Finally, the results of sequencing were analyzed to examine the presence of the    in different individuals. Sequencing results showed the presence of the corresponding polymorphism in the diabetic samples, while it was not found in control samples. Therefore, given the role of the OPRM1 gene in glucose metabolism, the presence of this polymorphism may be related to the risk of developing type2 diabetes; However, definitive results require further research.   

  owadays, finding new treatment methods for woundhealing with maximum efficiency and minimum side effects is important. In physiological condition, duo to wound, inflammation, and the secretion of various cytokines, cells especially fibroblast cells emigrate and proliferate to repair damaged tissue. By the use of different compounds, we can increase the rate of wound healing and repair of damaged tissue. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive compound in the black seed, has extensive healing properties, especially in wound healing. In this study, to evaluate the simultaneous effect of TQ and cobalt chloride (II) on fibroblast cells, fibroblast cells were cultured in a suitable condition. Then they are treated with TQ (500 ng/ml concentration) and cobalt chloride for 24 hours. Finally, the expression of genes (Sox2, Cdk4, c-Met, Dnmt1) was analyzed in the transcription level by using a real-time PCR technique. Data analysis of real-time PCR showed that expressions of Cdk4 and c-Met genes in the treatment group increased to reach to 1.26 and 1.86 respectively in comparison with control groups during the 24 hours. Due to the significance level of 1.5, the increase in expression of c-Met gene was significant but the increase in expression of Cdk4 gene was not significant. During the mentioned period, the expression of Sox2 and Dnmt1 genes in the treated group with cobalt chloride and TQ decreased to get to -1.28 and -1.32, respectively in comparison with the control group that both of them was not significant. The results of the present study showed that the simultaneous treatment of fibroblast cells with TQ and cobalt chloride may increase the migration of these cells at the wound site by the effect on cell migration genes that result in wound healing

  reast cancer is recognized as the most common cancer worldwide amongwomen, regardless of age and race, and in various physical, psychological, economic, and social aspects, it can cause problems for the individuals, their family, society, and the health system. Therefore, finding new treatment targets, especially in aggressive and treatment-resistant subtypes of breast cancer, is significant. Hypoxia is an important regularizer biological parameter in cancer progression which leads to some resistance mechanisms to treatment. Nowadays, the use of various medicinal herbs has received much attention in the treatment of breast cancer due to their extensive therapeutic properties and minimal side effects. Thymoquinone (TQ) is considered as a bioactive compound in the black seed with vast remedial attributes in breast cancer treatment. In the recent study, to check the simultaneous effect of TQ and hypoxia caused by cobalt II chloride on MCF-7 cell line, first, the cells were cultured under appropriate conditions until they reached the optimal confluency. Then they were treated with 500 ng/ml TQ and 100 ?M cobalt II chloride for 24 hours. Finally, the expression of Sox2, Cdk4, c-Met, and Dnmt1 genes at the mRNA level was investigated by real-time PCR. The results of real-time PCR data analysis by Levak method with considering the meaningful level of FC?1.5 showed that the group treated with TQ and cobalt II chloride simultaneously compared to the control group (treated with only cobalt II chloride), the expression of all studied genes were decreased over a period of 24 hours, which considering a meaningful level greater than or equal to 1.5, these decreases are significant for Cdk4, c-Met, and Dnmt1 genes but not for Sox2

  Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and it is known as the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Delayed diagnosis, treatment and prevention of gastric cancer is complex due to the involvement of infectious agents, gastric background and inflammatory response of the body. Improved diagnostic and treatment methods related to improving nutrition and development of the personalized medicine. The results of the studies indicate the key role of the Wnt signaling pathway in controlling cancer cells and drug resistance   that created by these cells, which is reason of most studies today focus on these cells. Also, tamoxifen is a non-steroidal anti-estrogenic drug that has been shown to have antitumoural effects. According to this information, we examined the effect of certain concentrations of tamoxifen on the expression of KREMEN1 in cancer   cells derived from the MKN-45 cell line of gastric cancer as a therapeutic potential. In this study, we evaluated cell survival by using the Trypan Blue test. Analysis of Real-time-PCR data showed that 100 ? concentrations of tamoxifen in a 48-hour treatment can increase the expression of KREMEN1 gene. Based on the results, it can be concluded that tamoxifen has an inhibitory effect on increasing the expression of KREMEN1 on the signal pathway of Wnt and beta-catenin protein.

  The tortoise and terappin of the species Testudo graeca and Mauremys caspica are belonged to the families Testudinidae and Geomydidade, respectively. A comparative osteological study can lead to clarification of the adaptive attributes of the species. In the present study, at first we review the systematics and distribution of testudines in Iran, and then investigate their cranial and postcranial osteology in detail. The bones of the species were cleaned according to the common protocol used for preparation of bony material. The skulls of the species showed considerable differences regarding the total appearance, the figures of the bony elements and their connections. Postcranially, even though the cervical and dorsal vertebrae showed considerable differences in shape, but they are same in number in both species. However, the caudal vertebrae are different in shape and number. The sacral vertebrae in both species are same number. The shape and total appearance of the bones constituting the pectoral and pelvic girdles of both species were investigated and their differences were noted. In addition to the superficial differences of the arm, forearm, thigh and shin, the numbers and shapes of the bones constituting the hands and legs of the species are different.

   Study the effect of tamoxifen on the SMARCD1 gene expression in gastric cancer MKN-45 cell line

  Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal cancers in the world constituting 7.2% of all cancer caused deaths. With 44,330 deaths reported in 2018, PC is the fourth-leading cause of cancer deaths in United States [1]. Because of its drug resistance, there is a crucial need to design new drugs to control this disease. An important pathway involved in PC is Wnt signaling pathway with ?-catenin and liver receptor homologe-1 (LRH-1) as its two key role players. Findings show that LRH-1 overexpression will enhance the expression of its downstream genes in PC cell lines [2]. In the current study, we used two decapeptide mimicking LRH-1 which can potentially interact with ?-catenin and down-regulate the corresponding downstream genes. For this purpose we performed a steered molecular dynamic simulation to examine peptide behavior over a 10 nm long trajectory. To evaluate stability of the complex containing the peptide and ?-catenin, an umbrella sampling procedure was used. The potential of mean force (PMF) values illustrated that one of the decapeptides has strong interaction with ?-catenin compared to the other one and also caompared to an scrambled peptide. Further, the changes in radius of gyration and root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) of the systems were calculated. Our findings showed that the peptide of interest can be considered as a good potential inhibitory peptide.Key words: Pancreatic cancer; Molecular dynamics simulation, Umbrella sampling, ?-Catenin

Parkinson'sdisease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by genetic and environmentalfactors that contribute to the disease. miRNAs are ribonucleotide sequences that control the expression of somegenes at the post-transcriptional level. In Parkinson's disease, miRNAsinvolved in the recovery or progression of the disease. Thetarget the genes of the various pathways involved in the disease that arevalidate the interaction between the desired predicted gene and hsa-miR-361-5p.   According to past studies,aim of this study was to predict the target genes of hsa-miR-361-5p and towith neurodegenerative diseases and subsequently in the cellular model of thesehsa-miR-361-5p has a decreasing expression pattern in the blood of patientsdiseases.   After selecting miRNAs formirwalk, genes involved in Parkinson's disease and their transcripts targetedthis study, using validated bioinformatics databases including Targetscan,to hsa-miR-361-5p , Predicted and identified. Then, one of these mRNAs that hadthe target gene of choice was shown to express the inhibitory role of miRNAs onthe opposite expression pattern to hsa-miR-361-5p was selected as the gene ofinterest. Finally, the binding and interaction of this miRNA with the 3?UTR ofgene expression in HEK293T cell line using luciferase reporter gene assay.

  During recent years, much attention has been focused on declining amphibians. Alien species including mosquitofish, and global warming are the important factors of decline amphibians. One of the consequences of global warming is the early droughts of the ponds. On the other hand, amphibian densities in ponds are also affected by changes in water levels. In this study, the interaction effects of three factors including predatory cues (Gambusia halbrooki), water level and density were investigated on snout-vent length (SVL), SVL at metamorphosis, time at metamorphosis, percentage of metamorphosis and survival of larvae of Bufotes variabilis that carried out within 60 days. We designed a 2×2×3 factorial experiment, crossing two levels of predatory (present of predatory cues and without of predatory cues), two levels of density (low, n =5 and high, n =25) and three level of water (low: 400 cc, high 1400 cc, and decreasing 150 cc of water, Once a week). Result of experiment showed, larval growth rate was highest at the both of present of predator × high water level × high density and present of predator × decreasing water level × low density (0.30 mm/day). The highest size at metamorphosis (SVL) was observed in without of predator × high water level × low density (14.42 mm±0.43). The slowest development time (34.41 days±3.82), the lowest percentage of metamorphosis (18.66%±8.33) and the highest survival rate (32%±10.58) were observed at the present of predator × high water level × high density treatment. Except for the significant impact of present of predator on SVL and density on survival over time, B. variabilis was tolerant and there was no interaction between predator cues, water level and density in term of growth and survival rates.

   Arsenic as a semi metalloid and chemical pollution contaminate which absorbed by plants and entering the food chain. Therefore As poisoning events of the human being and livestock occur frequently. As has been shown to cause many morphological, physiological, biochemical and structural changes in growing plants. Meanwhile, some plant species can grow in arsenic contaminated soil and they are able to reduce arsenic toxicity by applying two mechanism including avoidance and tolerance. Nowadays, phytoremediation as a new and friendly environmental technique employs the use of plants to remediate contaminated soil. Previous studies showed that Isatis cappadocica is a arsenic hyperaccumulator plant. Seed of this hyperaccumulator species were collected frome arsenic contaminated area (zarshuran, West Azerbaijan, Iran). Accordingly, we conducted thise study to compare the interaction of arsenat, arsenite and silicon on some physiological and biochemical parameters of Isatis to better understanding the mechanisms applied for resistance of Isatis cappadocica. Therfore, the plants were grown for 6 weeks in a medium, embedded with combinations of 0, 5, 25, 125 & 625 ?M arsenat, 0, 5, 25, 125 & 625 ?M arsenit and 1 and 2 mM silicon respectively. The physiological and biochemical parameters and the arsenic and silicon concentration of harvested plants were measured. The results of arsenate and arsenite treatments on growth parameters showed that higher levels of both types of arsenic resulted in decreased growth parameters and the effect of this growth decline, especially on the biomass of the plant was observed. The decreasing of these parameters was significant for arsenite treatments, while for plants under arsenate treatments it was not significant at most levels, that indicates high resistance of I. cappadocica to arsenate. In general, the results of this study showed that in spite of high plant resistance to both types of arsenic in different treatments, 650 ?M treatment had a toxic effect on plant growth, which was more pronounced in arsenite treatments and caused the plant to die. The highest concentration of arsenic was obtained in plants treated with 625 ?M As. Increased levels of phosphate in the nutrient solution caused a significant reduction in arsenic concentration. Increasing arsenic concentration in the medium lead to increase of proteins, proline, hydrogen ­peroxide and the most antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, flavonoids and anthocyanins content. The increase of these parameters was significant for arsenite treatments. Increasing the concentration of arsenate and arsenite leads to a decrease in the absorption of sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus by the plant, with the use of silicon, this reduction process is relatively improved. Furthermore the overall increase in arsenat, arsenite and silicon treatments lead to activation of antioxidant enzymes. High efficient antioxidant system and enhancement of compatible solutes are mechanisms which prevent oxidative damage and improve I. cappadocica against arsenic toxicity.    Keywords: Arsenate, Arsenite, Silicon, Isatis cappadocica, Hyperaccumulator      

  Abstract:The project is based on the distribution of Samaritan Lahtian or keiseri workshops.In order to find new habitats for this organism, in order to assess the conservation status of Lorestani salamanders, as well as providing suggestions for the conservation of the speciesin question.In the course of this work, the past research in this field and the use of previous and new researches and researches were carried out. Asked by the local staff and specialists, and the fieldwork, and information gathering from the Von Fleur district and information retrieval of the previous habitats and new habitats.In this work, changes in the annual precipitation and changes in the temperature of humidity were studied (the table and the modalities of these three very effective factors were prepared), which was carried out with the help of other ministries, such as the Meteorological Office, the Environment and Agricultural Directorate, which partly relates to a distribution in relation to distribution The general living, living habitats, mapping out the distribution of Samaritan Lorestani and species reduction during the last several years. The reasons for reducing such salamanders include: 1- Natural threats such as floods, spasms, bait-eaters, bombs and dangers. 2. Human threats such as financial abuse. -Decoration-removal of specimens from the country-Non-scientific research activities-tourists and climbers with noise pollution. And degradation of the habitat and disinfection of the detergent to the water; 3 - the lack of research projects and in particular research.In this research, 29 habitats have been identified and investigated. The area where the Samaritan is found is from the Tanghaft and continues to the -Shahzadehahmad. These areas are in the territory of Lorestan and Khuzestan.The habitats of Lorestan province include: Tafo - Dareh Gol - DoolShali - Abanbar - Nargeseh - Koolchap waterfall - Abkesh - Choobeh - Ashkab - Abliseneh - Doolnesar - Kerser - Mordestan - Vejenab and habitats of the province Khuzestan also includes: Sar gach–Dareh palangi - Kermab - Labsefid–Cheshmeh zeid- Bozorgab waterfall - Abzaleh - Absardeh-Chenare mongreh -Dehsorkhe-Shahzadehahmad–Hajibarikab – Talehzang - Koolsat.A new habitat has been identified in the village of Seven-Cheshmeh, Poldokhtar, in the Lorestan province of Chalkal, located 5 km from   Goribalmak, which, unlike the cascading habitats, has a warm and dry climate.

Neurergus derjugini

AbsrtractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly being considered in cell-based therapeutic strategies for regeneration of various tissues. MSCs derived from different tissues, with unique feature, are one of the most useful raw materials in cell therapy and tissue engineering. Despite the MSC inherent migration ability to the site of injury, inflammation or tumor, the in vivo and in vitro migration efficiency of the cultured MSCs is still not satisfactory. As a result, scientists are always looking for ways to improve MSC functions. In addition to the use of cytokines and chemicals to increase the expression of molecules involved in migration process, the use of medicinal plants in the biological domain has been considered. One of the herbaceous species used is black seed and its active compound, Thymoquinone (TQ). Despite numerous studies on the therapeutic applications of TQ, its effect on MSC migration has remain to be clarified. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of TQ on mice bone marrow-derived MSC migration and examining its effects on the expression of specific genes involved in migration. To do this research, MSCs were isolated from the mice femurs and tibias bone marrow. In order to investigate the effect of different TQ concentrations (0, 75, 150, 250, 500 ng/ml) on MSC migration in serum free DMEM/F12 medium, wound healing assay was performed. Cell migration was investigated 24 and 48 hours after treatment. After determination of the optimal TQ concentration and sufficient time to repair the cellular scratch in wound healing assay, MSCs were treated with TQ (250 ng/ml) for 48h. To check the expression level of genes involved in MSC migration (c-Met and Ccr1), RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from the control and treated cells were performed and the expression of candidate genes was evaluated using Real-time PCR.   The results of the wound healing assay indicated a significant (P<0.05) increase in the percent gap closure of treated cells with 250 ng/ml TQ at 48h, compared to the control cells. Also, the gene expression analysis demonstrated a significant increase (3/8 fold) in c-Met gene expression and a non-significant change (1/1 fold) in Ccr1 gene expression in TQ-treated cells compared to the control cells. Altogether, this study indicated that TQ increases the migration potential of MSCs in vitro. Therefore, the results of this study provide a good prospect for using TQ to improve the MSC migration in cell therapy. However, further studies are needed to investigate the TQ effect on the expression of other essential and important MSC migratory genes and also the in vivo migration potency of the treated cells.  Keywords: Mouse, Mesenchymal stem cell, Thymoquinone, Migration, Gene expression, Wound healing assay.

  Pollution control is one of the main concerns of today's society . Today, synthetic paints are widely used in many industries, such as textiles, paper, photography, food, and so on. One source among them  The enormous pollution of water occurs by the colored materials of the textile industry  .  The chemicals are divided into three categories: anionic, cationic and non-cationic. Anionic paints are used in the industry by about 20-30%  .  Azo paintings are a large group of chemical paint  that account for 70% of their textile products due to their color variations and constructional properties.For dyestuffs, a high color value is considered an advantage, But on the other hand, the same advantage has led to the fact that even if the dye remains in the waste water, due to properties such as mutagenicity and cancerousness of the threat  It is life-style. The chemical structure of this material is designed and constructed so that atmospheric agents such as sunlight, sunlight, ozone and other atmospheric and environmental agents do not affect them. Therefore, if textile wastewater is discharged directly to water and no action is taken to remove chemical dyes, this will eventually lead to reduced oxygen transfer to water and the solubility of gases and irreparable damage to the environment. Several physicochemical methods such as absorption by activated carbon, electrocautery, ion exchange, membrane filtration and ..... for industrial wastewater bleaching have been used. But implementation of these methods has been inadequate to date due to the low capacity of the implementation of the project, high cost and the creation of waste materials that self-contained disposal is also problematic. Nonetheless, microbial vibes have attracted the attention of researchers because of less costs, less damage to the environment and less waste production. In this study, the conditions of optimum coloring of Bacillus pasteurium were investigated by examining criteria such as temperature, concentration, salt and color saturation in the environment using Taguchi method in order to indicate the color of Rimazole Red B-medium from the environment.

    Identification of the core gene regulatory network involved in conversion of PC12 cell line into neuron-likecells by staurosporine.

Serum Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood circulatory system. Its main duty determinant of plasma oncotic pressure. According to Crystal structure analysis of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) has revealed that it consist of a 585 amino acid residue and its orders three homologous domains (I–III) that each one divided into subdomains A and B. HSA has an extraordinary ligand-binding capacity, making a depot and carrier for many endogenous and exogenous ligands. As for capable HSA of binding to a wide variety of drugs. Thiazide-type diuretics are a first-line therapeutic for patients suffering from hypertension Hydrochlorothiazide is one of these that developed and introduced for more than 50 years. This study was designed to examine the interaction of Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) as a ligand with Human Serum Albumin (HSA) under physiological conditions .To this aim, we are using different biophysical techniques such as UV-vis absorption, circular dichroism (CD), FT-IR Spectroscopy and also fluorescence spectroscopic methods to investigate the binding HCTZ.The results of fluorescence titration revealed that the HCTZ strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a dynamic quenching mechanism. Binding constants ( ) and the number of binding sites were calculated by using Stern-Volmer equations. Subsequently, the values of   and   were also calculated, which revealed that the positive enthalpy and entropy values of the interaction of HCTZ and HSA indicate that the hydrophobic interactions played a major role in drug binding process. Computations of the protein surface hydrophobicity (PSH) index by using 1-anilinonaphtalene-8-sulfonate (ANS), also indicated an increased in PSH value upon drug binding. The binding site has been identified by using Warfarin and Ibuprofen as site marker. Also Molecular Docking results indicated HCTZ   is placed at subdomain IIA. The results of study far- and near-UV CD experiments showed some variations in the secondary and tertiary structures of protein upon ligation. Also the results of FTIR illustratived that the drug interacted with HSA and induced a partial compactness in the secondary structure of protein. The results identified by the FTIR are in good agreement with CD spectra.

Mangrove forest is a community of evergreen trees and shrubs that exist in tropical and subtropical tidal and subtidal areas, marshes, river estuaries, along the beach and gulf with   fine grain sediment soil, and grows in submerged and salt water. The worlds mangroves, including 65 tree species belonging to 22 genera and 16 families, which are reported   from 112 countries. Mangroves have been estimated between to be 14 and 24 million hectares. They occur usually in areas between 30 degrees North and South Latitude. In Iran, mangrove forest has been spread 25?11 and 27? 52 N and inclusive tree species are Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata. Most of the Iranian mangrove can be seen in the Siric zone in the Hormozgan province.   Iranian mangrove in terms of its scope  ranked 43 in the world and 10 in Asia   and the largest are among the countries in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea.   In this research  we used Google  Earth software to determine   mangrove forest  areas of  the norther  littorals of  the Persian Gulf  and the Oma  ea.     In this study we used Google Earth pro and calculated   area, perimeter, latitude and determine distances to residential areas.   Finally,   we   considered areas that are the nearest together as a common region and thus identified 37 zones with an area of approximately 17557 hectares. Based on these informatio     istan-Balouchestan and Bushehr province, each have 7 zones respectively, with an area of 928 and 587 hectares and Hormozgan province have 23 zones with an about 16041 hectares. The survey also collected information on threatening factors that may impact on the existence of the mangrove vegetation cover.

  AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have receved considerable attentio   in the last 15 years. These cells provide a new hope for treatment of many diseases, therefore, scientists try to find efficient protocols to maintain and enhance MSCs behavior and function in vitro using natural and chemical component. Eugenol is the most important component in Caryophillium aromaticus that has several effects such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammation, anti-mutation, anti-oxidant, anti-virus, anti-fungal, anti-microbial and anti-bloat. However, the effects of Eugenol are well known, its effect on MSCs has not been studied yet. Due to the therapeutic advantages of Eugenol and also the importance of proliferation and migration of MSC in new treatment protocols, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Eugenol on the proliferation and migration of MSCs derived from mice bone marrow in vitro.In this study, bone marrow MSCs were isolated from 4 to 8 week old NMRI mice. The identity of MSCs was evaluated by differentiation assays into adipocytes and osteoblasts. To investigation the effect of Eugenol on MSCs migration and proliferation, wound healing and MTT assays were used and the IC50 values was determined at 24h, 48h and 72h after treatment. In continue, to examine the effect of Eugenol on MSCs proliferation and migration, the expression of Rex1, Sox2, Vla4, Cxcr4 genes was evaluated by Real-time PCR.

Abstract Nowadays, stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and the use of natural ingredients have provided new hopes for treating many human diseases.   MSCs are one of the most applicable cells for cell therapy because they are easily isolated from adult tissues and have unlimited proliferation potential. In addition, these cells have the most significant effect on immune system due to their immunomodulatory properties. Eugenol is a natural and versatile vegetable molecule, which has a wide variety of applications in different fields. Eugenol is an extract clove-derived phenolic compound which has anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-mutagenicity, anti-spasmodic, anti-fungal, anti-seizure, anti-fever and analgesic activity. Despite extensive studies on the biological and pharmacological effects of Eugenol, there is no report on its effects on MSCs functions and properties, especially on their immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Eugenol on the expression of genes involved in the immunomodulatory ability of mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs).In this study, MSCs were isolated from mouse (NMRI) femur and tibia, then cultured in medium with 15% FBS. In order to confirm the identity of MSCs, we employed differentiation assays into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Then, the effect of different concentrations of Eugenol on the viability of MSCs was evaluated by MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72h. After determining the IC50 value and concentration which about 90% of MSCs were alive, MSCs were treated with Eugenol. We extracted RNA from the Eugenol-treated and control (without treatment) MSCs. DNase I treated RNAs were used to synthese cDNAs. The expression level of target genes (Tlr3, Tlr4, Ccl2, and Ccl3) in the samples was measured by real-time PCR method.MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and their identity was confirmed by differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts. The IC50 values of Eugenol on MSCs were 400 ?g/ml at 24 and 48h and 200 ?g/ml at 72h after treatment. Furthermore, MTT assay results showed that about 90% of MSCs were alive at concentrations less than or equal to 12.5 ?g/ml at 24h after treatment. Therefore, the concentration 10 ?g/ml was used to determine the effect of Eugenol on the expression of target genes at transcript level in BM-MSCs. The results of the quantitative gene expression analysis by real-time PCR indicated that Tlr3, Tlr4, Ccl2, and Ccl3 genes upregulated 1.5 -, 1.8-, 1.3 -, 2.2 -fold, respectively, in Eugenol treated-MSCs compaired to untreated controls In general, according to the results of this study, Eugenol-treated MSCs show increased expression of Tlr3, Tlr4, Ccl2, and Ccl3. Therefore, it can be concluded that Eugenol influences the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs by overexpression of this genes. Furthermore, the results of this study can provide a situation for further studies in the field, which may finally improve and increase the therapeutic potential of MSCs for research and clinicla applications.